Is UNESCO recognition effective in fostering tourism? A comment on Yang,Lin and Han: Reply

This note replies Cellini's comment on the real effect of WHL in inducing more tourist arrivals in Yang, Lin and Han (2010, Tourism Management). Due to the time-invariant feature of the WHL number in the short-run, the fixed effect of panel data model seems to be inadequate on evaluating the impact of WHL on attracting international tourists. However, pooling estimates show that a region with more WHLs can attract more tourists.     

Gram–Charlier densities: a multivariate approach

This paper introduces a new family of multivariate distributions based on Gram–Charlier and Edgeworth expansions. This family encompasses many of the univariate semi-non-parametric densities proposed in financial econometrics as marginal of its different formulations. Within this family, we focus on the analysis of the specifications that guarantee positivity to obtain well-defined multivariate semi-non-parametric densities. We compare two different multivariate distributions of the family with the multivariate Edgeworth–Sargan, Normal, Student's t and skewed Student's t in an in- and out-of-sample framework for financial returns data. Our results show that the proposed specifications provide a reasonably good performance, and would therefore be of interest for applications involving the modelling and forecasting of heavy-tailed distributions.     

中国城市与区域经济增长的扩散回流与市场区效应

本文综合增长极理论和中心地学说构建了扩散回流和市场区效应空间计量模型,使用全国除西藏以外的2169个市县数据对2000年至2007年的各市县非农业产出、就业和资本增长所受到的溢出效应进行计量分析。联立方程估计表明,虽然各级市县产出、就业和资本增长的主要决定因素是要素投入和产出规模以及人力资本和地方要素,但是不同等级的城市间存在着显著的空间相互作用。其中,省会和地级中心城市的经济增长对下级市县有显著的回流效应,而下级市县的经济增长对位于市场中心的上级城市有明显的市场区增长作用,同级市县经济增长有互相促进作用。本文最后简要总结了研究结果在区域经济发展中的政策意义。     

中国省级政府财政支出的策略互动性

本文通过空间计量经济学方法,研究了中国省级政府财政支出的策略互动性行为。研究发现,省级政府的财政生产性支出对于邻近地区省份具有正向的反应,即邻近省份的财政生产性支出增加,那么本地区的政府也会相应的增加财政生产性支出。另外,研究还发现经济发达地区和落后地区间省际财政支出的反应函数可能存在差异。     

房屋租赁的替代效应与福利评价

租房还是买房是每位住房需求者需要面临的重大决策。本文通过建立代表性消贡者购房与租房决策选择模型,对代表性消费者不同住房决策间的相互影响进行了理论分析。并通过引入空间计量分析方法,以中国216个地级市2000年的统计数据为样本对理论分析结果进行了相关实证检验。结论显示,住房租赁市场的发展在空间上具有显著的外溢性,经济适用房的“不经济”引致了住房租赁市场的活跃。以全国和北京市的两次抽样为样本的回归结果显示,获得房屋的产权和提高居住面积均有利于增强住房者对生活的满意程度。     

Erratum to ‘Inventory record inaccuracy: Causes and labor effects’

Inventory record inaccuracy (IRI) is a pervasive problem in retailing and causes non-trivial profit loss. In response to retailers’ interest in identifying antecedents and consequences of IRI, we present a study that comprises multiple modeling initiatives. We first develop a dynamic simulation model to compare and contrast impacts of different operational errors in a continuous (Q, R) inventory system through a full-factorial experimental design. While backroom and shelf shrinkage are found to be predominant drivers of IRI, the other three errors related to recording and shelving have negligible impacts on IRI. Next, we empirically assess the relationships between labor availability and IRI using longitudinal data from five stores in a global retail chain. After deriving a robust measure of IRI through Bayesian computation and estimating panel data models, we find strong evidence that full-time labor reduces IRI whereas part-time labor fails to alleviate it. Further, we articulate the reinforcing relationships between labor and IRI by formally assessing the gain of the feedback loop based on our empirical findings and analyzing immediate, intermediate, and long-term impacts of IRI on labor availability. The feedback modeling effort not only integrates findings from simulation and econometric analysis but also structurally explores the impacts of current practices. We conclude by discussing implications of our findings for practitioners and researchers.     

Empirical Evidence on the Success of R&;D Cooperation—Happy Together?

In this paper we analyse the effect of past R&D cooperation on current firms’ innovation performance. Success measures are: sales of innovative products, distinguishing between products new to the firm and new to the market, and cost reductions due to innovative processes. Particular attention is paid to the impact of different cooperation partners. The analysis rests on firm-level data of the annual German innovation survey. We find that R&D cooperation with competitors leads to greater cost reductions that are attributable to innovative processes. R&D cooperation with research institutes has a positive influence on a firm’s economic success with market novelties.      

Short- and long-run exchange rate effects on forest product trade: Evidence from panel data

Impacts of exchange rates on international forest products trade are widely debated, but the empirical evidence regarding this issue is still inconclusive. Here, we report findings of the impacts of the exchange rates on the main forest product imports and exports of the US, from January 1989 to November 2004. Export data consisted of monthly series of the main products exported by the US to different countries. For imports we used monthly series of the principal products imported by the US from Canada, the major source of imports. The strongest evidence was obtained by pooling the data across countries and products. In the short run, exports were very elastic with respect to the exchange rate (−2.6), while imports were moderately elastic (1.2). In the long run, the elasticity decreased but remained significant (0.5 for both exports and imports). Appreciation of the US dollar tended to matter more than depreciation, but the hypothesis that the effect of exchange rate was symmetric could not be rejected.     

基于空间计量的金融集聚及其影响因素分析

本文采用区位基尼系数和区位熵指数测度2001~2010年中国金融产业的集聚程度,并用Moran’sI指数和散点图检验金融集聚的空间自相关的存在。考虑空间自相关性,建立空间计量模型,考察了经济规模、人力资本、政府作用、对外开放以及信息化水平等因素对金融集聚的影响,结果表明：一定的经济规模是金融集聚产生的基础,但需谨慎制定金融中心建设规划;丰裕的人力资源、有力的政府支持和先进的信息化水平是金融集聚形成的重要条件;目前的对外开放自由程度与金融集聚发展需要不相匹配。     

Multiple-limit trades: empirical facts and application to lead–lag measures

Order splitting is a standard practice in trading: traders constantly scan the limit order book and choose to limit the size of their market orders to the quantity available at the best limit, thereby controlling the market impact of their orders. In this article, we focus on the other trades, multiple-limit trades that go through the best available price in the order book, or ‘trade-throughs’. We provide various statistics on trade-throughs: frequency, volume, intraday distribution, market impact, etc., and present a new method for the measurement of lead–lag parameters between assets, sectors or markets.