创新生态系统如何驱动企业微创新——一个组态视角的fsQCA分析

近年来,微创新是创新研究领域的热点,如何驱动企业微创新是相关研究亟需回答的问题。整合创新生态系统3个层面六大要素,运用模糊集定性比较分析（fsQCA）方法,以18个微创新案例为样本,探讨创新生态系统驱动企业微创新的复杂因果机制。结果发现：第一,单个创新生态系统要素并不构成企业高微创新的必要条件。第二,存在3条高微创新驱动路径,即机会识别主导下的用户驱动型、机会识别主导下的环境与用户参与驱动型,以及机会识别主导下的环境、组织学习与领先用户驱动型。此外,非高微创新驱动路径仅有一条,且与高微创新驱动路径存在非对称关系。第三,机会识别能力作为核心条件出现在高微创新的3个组态及非高微创新一个组态中,说明机会识别能力对企业微创新具有重要作用。     

什么样的数字创新生态系统能提高区域创新绩效——基于NCA与QCA的研究

什么样的数字创新生态系统有助于提高区域创新绩效是亟待解决的热点问题。采用必要条件分析（NCA）和模糊集定性比较分析（fsQCA）两种方法,对我国内地31个省（区、市）进行实证分析。研究发现：①数字企业、政府、高校及科研机构、数字创新基础设施、数字人才和金融服务是数字创新生态系统的关键构成,但单个要素并不是提高区域创新绩效的必要条件;②4种数字创新生态系统要素组态有助于提高区域创新绩效,构成的数字创新生态系统分别是政府引导的智力聚集型、企业开拓的环境支撑型、主体多元的综合发展型和企业主导的资本驱动型;③各地应因地制宜,选择合适的数字创新生态系统,培育区域创新新动能,助推“数字中国”新发展。     

Accounting for the ecosystem services of migratory species: Quantifying migration support and spatial subsidies

Migratory species support ecosystem process and function in multiple areas, establishing ecological linkages between their different habitats. As they travel, migratory species also provide ecosystem services to people in many different locations. Previous research suggests there may be spatial mismatches between locations where humans use services and the ecosystems that produce them. This occurs with migratory species, between the areas that most support the species' population viability - and hence their long-term ability to provide services - and the locations where species provide the most ecosystem services. This paper presents a conceptual framework for estimating how much a particular location supports the provision of ecosystem services in other locations, and for estimating the extent to which local benefits are dependent upon other locations. We also describe a method for estimating the net payment, or subsidy, owed by or to a location that balances benefits received and support provided by locations throughout the migratory range of multiple species. The ability to quantify these spatial subsidies could provide a foundation for the establishment of markets that incentivize cross-jurisdictional cooperative management of migratory species. It could also provide a mechanism for resolving conflicts over the sustainable and equitable allocation of exploited migratory species.     

数字赋能企业商业生态系统跃迁升级的机理及路径研究

数字技术应用融合叠加商业模式创新催生商业生态新业态,实现跃迁升级。本文结合扎根理论与模糊集定性比较分析（fsQCA）方法,阐释数字赋能企业商业生态系统跃迁升级的机理,探究多重组态路径。从生态视角揭示了数字资源通过与传统要素资源融合释放数据价值,并驱动形成价值循环体系、实现价值共创、塑造商业群落,最终实现企业商业生态系统跃迁升级。基于fsQCA的多组态分析发现,数字赋能企业商业生态系统跃迁升级历经两个阶段分别为价值共创和商业群落生成。其中,价值共创实现有两条组态路径,即产品创新与要素融合相组合,技术融合同低产品创新、低数据资产相组合,且产品创新构成了价值共创的核心条件。商业群落生成的组态路径表现出以下特征：价值共创和价值链接协同下分别和网络组织、数据赋能相组合,网络组织和数据赋能互为替代,即在一方缺失时,分别与价值共创或价值链接组合实现商业群落构建。研究结论为企业商业生态系统的结构与功能持续优化,实现数字商业生态资源的充分共享及最优利用,提供了关键方法和思路。     

晋江市土地利用变化对生态系统服务价值的影响

以晋江市为研究区,依据2005年,2010年和2015年3期土地利用数据,从生态系统服务功能角度,运用Costanza的方法,结合谢高地修正的我国生态服务价值当量因子表,分析了晋江市土地利用变化与生态服务价值的响应关系。结果表明:2005-2015年,晋江市的城镇用地显著扩张,而耕地和林地却急剧减少,土地利用的生态系统服务价值总体呈逐年下降趋势。通过分析晋江市土地利用变化对生态服务价值的影响可以为科学合理利用土地,保障人口、资源、环境的可持续发展提供决策支持。敏感性分析表明,生态服务价值对生态服务价值系数的变化是缺乏弹性的,因此结果是可信的。在编制土地利用规划时应将生态服务价值考虑其中,尤其是应注重保护湿地、水域、林地等生态服务价值系数高的土地利用类型,以期实现晋江市的可持续发展。     

和田河流域土地资源可持续利用研究

和田河流域是干旱区沙漠中一条具有生态意义的河流,在短短半个世纪的时间里,生态环境发生了巨大的变化.由于气候状况和人类对和田河流域的开发程度加重,已引起上游山地冰川退缩、天然植被退化;中游绿洲耕地扩张迅速,土壤盐渍化,河渠人工渠化,水库增加显著;下游荒漠植被退化,水资源严重不足,土地沙化等生态环境问题,流域生态环境趋于脆...     

创新生态系统视角下价值共创如何影响企业创新绩效——一个有调节的中介模型

以创新生态系统为视角,引入创新资源互动与生态系统规范机制为中介变量和调节变量,探究价值共创如何影响企业创新绩效。基于307家企业样本数据,运用结构方程模型、Bootstrap和层级回归方法对数据进行分析。研究发现：创新生态系统中,价值共创不完全直接影响企业创新绩效;创新资源互动部分中介价值共创对企业创新绩效的影响;生态系统规范机制部分正向调节价值共创对创新资源互动的影响。最后提出,创新生态系统调控方与企业要差异化地制定提升创新绩效的实施方案,营造活跃的创新资源互动氛围,形成并完善系统内生态规范机制。     

Valuation of ecosystem services provided by irrigated rice agriculture in Thailand: a choice experiment considering attribute nonattendance

This research investigates how the public of a middle‐income country, Thailand, values ecosystem services associated with irrigated rice agriculture using a choice experiment. The results show a significant willingness to pay for services such as drought mitigation, water quality and the environment and maintenance of rural lifestyles and rice landscapes. The iterative procedure developed to fully analyze the incidence of attribute nonattendance (ANA) improved the model fit when compared with a multinomial logit model or an ANA model with potentially only one attribute ignored at a time (ANA‐1). Moreover, the inferred probability of the class of respondents having attended all attributes was 45%, compared to 9% with ANA‐1 model. However, it also suggests that 55% of the respondents made their choices by considering only two of the five attributes. Finally, this research also suggests that failing to consider ANA does not change the public ranking of scenarios contrasted by the services they would provide but would overestimate the WTP for these scenarios.     

What to do with mushroom pickers in my forest? Policy tools from the landowners’ perspective

Wild mushroom picking is a growing recreational and commercial activity. In Spain, wild mushrooms legally belong to the landowner, who seldom benefits from trade in mushrooms or from their recreational value. Cultural aspects (tradition, picker-related harms) and economic aspects (costly forestry works, income opportunities) constitute elements of the debate on how to deal with mushroom picking. Through a survey of private forest owners in Catalonia (north-eastern Spain), this paper examines their experiences with mushroom pickers, the factors shaping their related policy preferences and their willingness to engage in mushroom reserves.The results show broad support for introducing mushroom picking norms. A regulation would allow outsider pickers to enter private land, but only under certain conditions, i.e. to comply with socio-ecological rules of the area. Among respondents who support the regulation, active land owners who report instances of picker-related harm (both tangible and intangible) tend to support the establishment of a fee system which could be reinvested into forest management. That is also the position of the respondents who perceive mushrooms as a private right, i.e. they believe to have a legitimate right to exclude outsider pickers and, eventually, to raise revenues from that asset. On the contrary, forest owners who conceive mushroom picking as a free-access activity prefer neither to regulate it nor to charge fees. The option to establish a mushroom picking reserve depends on the landholder being a fee-supporter and perceiving instances of harm. Harm, instead, is mainly determined by the perception of congestion of pickers, which in turn is determined by the mushroom productivity of their forest, their level of privacy protection and their involvement to the primary sector. These findings help policymakers to better understand the logic and sensitivities of forest owners in view of designing mushroom picking policies that can effectively solve picker-landowner conflicts.