南洋理工学院办学理念对我国高职教育的启示

南洋理工学院是新加坡的一所知名的高职学院,该校结合本国实际情况办学,办学理念先进,有着鲜明的办学特色。学生在校三年的学习中,既接受完整有效的理论知识教育,又接受来自于“教学工厂”和“教学企业”行之有效的实践技能培训。南洋理工学院成功的办学理念,值得我国高职高专学习和借鉴。     

Is external research assessment associated with convergence or divergence of research quality across universities and disciplines? Evidence from the PBRF process in New Zealand

ABSTRACT

Performance-based research evaluations have been adopted in several countries both to measure research quality in higher education institutions and as a basis for the allocation of funding across institutions. Much attention has been given to evaluating whether such schemes have increased the quality and quantity of research. This paper examines whether the introduction of the New Zealand Performance-Based Research Fund process produced convergence or divergence in measured research quality across universities and disciplines between the 2003 and 2012 assessments. Two convergence measures are obtained. One, referred to as β-convergence, relates to the relationship between changes in average quality and the initial quality level. The second concept, referred to as σ-convergence, relates to the changes in the dispersion in average research quality over time. Average quality scores by discipline and university were obtained from individual researcher data, revealing substantial β- and σ-convergence in research quality over the period. The hypothesis of uniform rates of convergence across almost all universities and disciplines is supported. The results provide insights into the incentives created by performance-based funding schemes.     

农发行拓展业务面临的问题及对策

目前,农发行的业务领域已发生了重大变化,审视农发行新业务发展现状,从政策依托、制度建设、素质技能、操作程序等方面都面临一定的问题,若要发挥好农业政策性金融在新农村建设中的重要作用,有必要对农发行提供相应的政策保护,同时消除业务经营中不尽合理、不切实际的障碍和弊端,促进农村金融事业和农村经济的健康发展.     

Policy Determinants of School Outcomes under Model Uncertainty: Evidence from South Africa

In this paper, we assess the determinants of secondary school outcomes in South Africa. We use Bayesian model averaging techniques to account for uncertainty in the set of underlying factors that are chosen among a very large pool of explanatory variables in order to identify the subset of explanatory variables most strongly associated with the dependent variable. Our analysis indicates that the socio‐economic background of pupils, demographic characteristics such as population groups (Black and White), as well as geographical locations account for a significant variation in pupils’ achievement levels. We also find that the most robust policy determinants of pupils’ test scores are the availability of a library at school, the use of IT in the classroom as well as school climate.     

大学校园呼唤文化艺术修养教育

化艺术修养能丰富人的知识,培养创新能力,塑造完美的人格形象。但我国的大学教育在这方面却存在着较大的缺憾。为此,应采取各种措施,使当代大学生走进化艺术的殿堂,受到良好的熏陶,促进修养水平的提高,以适应社会发展的需要。     

创业教育内容对学生创业意愿的影响

本文从创业教育内容的视角,研究学生在校经历、创业知识和创业能力对大学生创业意愿的影响。研究发现,学生的个人特质（本研究采用前瞻性人格）对创业态度的影响显著,学生在校经历、创业知识和创业能力对创业意愿的标准化总效应依次为0．254、0．098和0．197。由此建议创业教育须有针对性地培养大学生创业方面的人格特质;或者甄别出具有前瞻性人格特质的学生进行专门的指导和教育。     

产业集群驱动的工业化道路——重新解读“温州模式”

通过对“温州模式”的研究,发现温州遵循“开放-发现-创业-扩散-升级”这样一条产业集群驱动的工业化道路,其发生机理是由于开放,增加了同外部市场接触的机会,发现了市场信息并完成了初始资本的积累,当企业家能人出现、开始在某地创业时,本地工业化进程便随之启动。     

财政分权导致地方政府财政赤字规模的膨胀吗?——来自分税制改革后中国省级的观察和经验证据

本文从理论和实证两方面探讨了分税制改革以来确立的财政分权模式对我国地方政府财政赤字规模日益膨胀的影响。理论分析表明,地方政府日益膨胀的财政赤字规模是现行财政体制下财权和事权割裂、公共泳池问题、横向策略互动以及政治锦标赛引发的激励扭曲和为增长而过度竞争等因素的综合产物。基于全国1998-2006年省际面板数据,本文的实证研究支持了我们的理论预期,即中国式财政分权对地方政府财政赤字规模的膨胀具有显著的正面激励作用。本文的发现是稳健的,能够为强化财政制度安排、增强宏观经济稳定性提供有益的启示。     

企业边界、企业扩展与企业成长的比较分析——对企业成长理论的重新解读

企业的边界理论很好地说明了企业与市场的替代关系,但却对现实中企业复杂的扩展行为与成长现象解释乏力。其实企业的边界、扩展与成长,每个概念都有其独特的内涵,并都代表着一种研究视角与理论假定。本文通过对3个概念的比较分析,对企业的主体性、企业演化成长的动力、阻力与经济效率等一些基本问题进行了梳理与研究,以期能够对企业成长理论有一个较为全面的阐述。     

IMPROVING HUMAN DEVELOPMENT: A LONG‐RUN VIEW

Abstract The pessimistic flavour of the Human Development Reports appears to be in contradiction with their own numbers as developing countries fare comparatively better in human development than in per capita GDP terms. This paper attempts to bridge this gap by providing a new, ‘improved’ human development index (IHDI), informed by welfare economics. The IHDI is presented here alongside the United Nations Development Programme's (UNDP) HDI for the world and its main regions since the late 19th century. Social dimensions in the IHDI are derived, following Kakwani (Journal of Development Economics 41 (1993), pp. 307–336), with a convex achievement function, whereas a geometric average is employed to combine its dimensions (longevity, knowledge and income). Thus, the IHDI does not conceal the gap between rich and poor countries and casts a much less optimistic view than the conventional UNDP index, while it fits with the UNDP concern for international differences. The paper's findings highlight main weaknesses in human development dimensions of present‐day developing countries.