基于双向浸入式教育的物流专业双语教学研究

针对高等教育国际化趋势,立足农林院校开设物流专业课程,从双向浸入式教育研究的课程体系、过程监控、学生意识和网络资源建设等方面进行了探索和教学改革对策研究,浸入式教学的实践应用对提高物流双语教学水平有着推动作用。     

Local community reaction to the ‘no-take’ policy on fishing in the Tsitsikamma National Park, South Africa

Fishing in the Tsitsikamma National Park has officially been halted since 2001. However, the desire to fish in the Marine Protected Area remains high among the local communities in Tsitsikamma. This has led to illegal fishing practices in the park. Consequently, the reaction of the local communities was measured using semi-structured questionnaires, informal interactions, personal observations, and through a key informant workshop that was organized in the Tsitsikamma National Park. It was found that responses from local communities to fishing within the park were defined by their residence status, ethnicity, gender, income, and educational level. There is a general understanding by local communities that the purpose of the Tsitsikamma National Park is to conserve nature within its boundaries. However, there is a mismatch in the understanding of the term ‘conservation’ between the local communities and conservation officials of the South African National Parks (SANParks). Local communities consider conservation to include sustainable utilization while conservation officials from the practice pursue absolute protection of the marine fisheries resources. The majority of local communities in Tsitsikamma resent this SANParks ‘no-take’ policy on fishing. They would like access to the fisheries resources in the Tsitsikamma National Park for both subsistence and recreational purposes.     

Individual heterogeneity in the returns to schooling: instrumental variables quantile regression using twins data

Considerable effort has been exercised in estimating mean returns to education while carefully considering biases arising from unmeasured ability and measurement error. Recent work has investigated whether there are variations from the “mean” return to education across the population with mixed results. We use an instrumental variables estimator for quantile regression on a sample of twins to estimate an entire family of returns to education at different quantiles of the conditional distribution of wages while addressing simultaneity and measurement error biases. We test whether there is individual heterogeneity in returns to education and find that: more able individuals obtain more schooling perhaps due to lower marginal costs and/or higher marginal benefits of schooling and that higher ability individuals (those further to the right in the conditional distribution of wages) have higher returns to schooling consistent with a non-trivial interaction between schooling and unobserved abilities in the generation of earnings. The estimated returns are never lower than 9 percent and can be as high as 13 percent at the top of the conditional distribution of wages but they vary significantly only along the lower to middle quantiles. Our findings may have meaningful implications for the design of educational policies.     

State competition in higher education: A race to the top,or a race to the bottom?

How does competition affect higher education? This paper explores this question for public and private universities. Theory indicates that competition can push higher education policy in one of two different directions. On the one hand, competition may increase spending. For states, this would occur if states treat higher education as developmental; for private universities this would occur if they view spending as a means to attract students and prestige. On the other hand, competition may decrease spending if states treat higher education spending as redistributive, and competition may decrease spending by private schools if lower spending enhances their ability to attract students with low tuition. To determine which of these perspectives is most valid, we examine higher education policy choices in the 1980s and 1990s. We find that states appear to act as if higher education funding is redistributive while private schools appear to compete more on the basis of tuition than spending. These results demonstrate the important effects competition and governance structure have on higher education.Received: August 2001, Accepted: May 2002, JEL Classification: I2, I22, H72, I3     

探寻中国高等教育发展之路

通过对中国高等教育发展现状及一些表象问题进行剖析,试图找出中国高等教育发展存在的主要问题,尝试探寻中国高等教育未来发展之路。     

北京市中心城区教育及科技行业集聚研究

城市内部教育科研机构及高科技企业的集聚是区域创新体系发展和城市经济、空间发展的重要推动力.为考察北京市中心城区教育及科技行业基本单位的集聚和分布特点,采用Arcgis的空间统计分析工具分析了信息传输、计算机服务和软件业,科学研究、技术服务和地质勘查业以及教育业三类相关行业的Moran'8 I,Local Moran I...     

基于球形孔扩张理论的压扩支盘桩挤密效应分析

从塑性力学的角度出发,应用球孔扩张理论,并假定土体为均质、各向同性的理想弹塑性体,引入了土性参数剪胀角以区别于非土体等其他材料,采用摩尔一库仑屈服函数和不相适应的流动法则求得球形扩张问题的解析解,分析成桩过程中桩周土体的应变与应力并应用此理论估算压扩支盘桩单桩承载力。     

北京流动儿童义务教育设施的空间不均衡研究——以丰台区为例

以北京以及丰台区的适龄流动儿童分布和公立小学分布数据为例,采取社会地理学空间匹配的分析方法来测度流动儿童接受义务教育的空间不均衡性。结果显示,无论在市域、城区还是街道尺度,流动儿童就学需求和教育资源供给之间的空间不均衡现象都存在。据此,建议在学区划定时不仅要考虑常住户籍家庭儿童的数量,也要考虑校区吸引流动儿童的数量,并在流动人口集中的城乡结合地带,应尽量增设新的教育设施;或在现有教育资源的情况下,借助集体通勤方式提高这些教育设施的可达性,使更多的流动儿童得到就近接受义务教育机会。     

高等教育大众化与高等教育可持续发展问题探析

高等教育大众化是实现高等教育可持续发展的必然选择.我国在推进高等教育大众化的进程中取得了巨大成绩,也出现了不少矛盾和问题.其中,教育质量能否保障,高校能否持续发展等成为全社会关注的焦点.正确处理高等教育大众化与可持续发展的关系和选择、建立高等教育大众化的发展战略及运行机制是问题的关键所在.     

Does the World Bank have any impact on human development of the poorest countries? Some preliminary evidence from Africa

In an attempt to better understand the impact of the World Bank on human development in poor countries, we use cross-country data on African countries for the 1990–2002 period to examine this relationship. The coefficient estimates of our parsimonious fixed-effects models indicate that while loans and grants of the Bank have had a positive impact on some relatively short-term indicators of health and education in an average African country, there is little evidence to suggest that such loans and grants have helped these countries to consolidate on the short-term gains.