浅谈信息化条件下军队物资应急配送实现的基点

信息时代的来临在军事领域掀起了一场全球范围内的新军事变革。军队物资应急配送是军事后勤保障的重要组成部门,也必然要在信息化条件下发生适应时代的变革。目前我军的军队物资应急配送还处在理论探讨阶段,因此文中对信息化条件下军队物资应急配送实现基点的探讨可以深化对应急配送内涵的认识,有助于我军后勤保障的发展。     

经桡动脉与股动脉途径行急诊PCI护理的比较分析

目的对比急性心肌梗塞(Acute myocardial infarction,AMI)患者经桡动脉与股动脉穿刺行急诊冠状动脉介入(Emergency percutaneous coronary intervention,PCI)治疗护理的优缺点。方法 2011年1月至2011年12月我院行急诊PCI治疗102例AMT,其中经桡动脉冠状动脉(Transradial coronary intervention,TRT)介入组53例,经股动脉介入(Percutaneous coronary intervention,TFT)49例。对比其术后并发症的发生率、住院天数、护理量、术后患者心理躯体舒适度等进行统计学数据与分析。结果两组病例基本特征比较差异无统计学意义,而并发症则经桡动脉组低于股动脉组(3.8%VS8.2%P<0.05),患者住院时间明显短于股动脉组(P<0.05),护理人员工作量也明显少于股动脉组(P<0.05),术后患者的心理躯体舒适度评估明显高于股动脉组。结论经桡动脉途径行急诊PCI治疗是安全、有效的方法。与股动脉途径比较,经桡动脉途径可减少并发症的发生,缩短住院天数,患者恢复快,减轻护理工作量,节约护理资源,不但有益于患者,亦有益于护理人员。     

A Hybrid model for locating new emergency facilities to improve the coverage of the road crashes

We propose an emergency facility-locating model aimed at increasing the coverage of emergency demand throughout the city. The proposed model takes into account the status and location of the emergency facilities in the network and identifies locations suitable for the construction of new facilities. Here, Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and Maximum Coverage Location Problem (MCLP) have been combined in a single model. To do so, design problem and evaluation problem are considered concurrently to maximize the efficiency of services provided by emergency facilities across the city in response to the demand. Moreover, the total emergency demand in each district was considered in relation to the population density, the fatal, injurious, and property damage only (PDO) crashes. The coverage area of each emergency facility was assumed to be proportional to the average ambulance speed in the surrounding road network during rush hours. The available budget was included in the model to let the model function under various fiscal conditions. Model input variables consisted of average number of mortalities, injuries and PDO crashes as well as the population density of each urban district. The output variables of the model included the coverage share of proposed emergency centers and hospitals equipped with ambulances. The model was tested on the network of Tehran (Iran). It is recommended to add the location of some emergency centers and hospitals to the network. Moreover, the results showed that ten urban districts had efficiency problem in provision of emergency services.     

Assessing hospital system resilience to disaster events involving physical damage and Demand Surge

This paper investigates the effectiveness of formalized collaboration strategies through which patients can be transferred and resources, including staff, equipment and supplies, can be shared across hospitals in response to a disaster incident involving mass casualties and area-wide damage. Inflicted damage can affect hospital infrastructure and its supporting lifelines, thus impacting capacity and capability or, ultimately, services that are provided. Using a discrete event simulation framework and underlying open queuing network conceptualization involving patient flows through 9 critical units of each hospital, impacts on critical resources, physical spaces and demand are modeled and the hospital system's resilience to these hazard events is evaluated. Findings from numerical experiments on a case study involving multiple hospitals spaced over a large metropolitan region replicating a system similar to the Johns Hopkins Hospital System show the potential of strategies involving not only transfers and resource sharing, but also joint capacity enhancement alternatives to improve post-disaster emergency health care service delivery through joint action.     

Bi-criteria solid transportation problem with substitutable and damageable items in disaster response operations on fuzzy rough environment

Successful planning and scheduling of relief operations play a key role in saving lives and reducing damage in disasters. These disaster operations involve a variety of challenging multi-objective optimization problems, for which soft computing methods are well suited. In this investigation, relief materials and human resources are transported from some distribution centers (DCs) to some delivery points (DPs) through conveyances. The objectives are to minimize both total cost and time for transportation. Some particular models for (a) substitutable items (b) damageable items and (c) safety Factor have been derived. To convert bi-criteria solid transportation problem into a single objective problem, three different techniques (i) Fuzzy interactive satisficing method, (ii) Global Criterion Method and (iii) Convex Combination Method are used. Then the reduced single objective problem is solved by a non-linear optimization technique – Generalized reduced gradient method using LINGO-14.0. The models are illustrated through some numerical examples and optimal results are presented in tabular forms.     

基于应急物资优先权的铁路空车调配研究

近年来突发性的自然灾害发生频繁,应急物资调运优化问题成为研究热点.基于模糊综合评判方法对应急物资优先权进行了分析,并结合车种代用,构建了考虑应急物资优先权的车种代用空车调配模型.分析表明,若适当选取多目标的权重系数,则该多目标模型既适用于应急救援过程中的物资调运,又适用于日常的物资调运.     

Buffering in evacuation management for optimal traffic demand distribution

This paper presents a new framework for managing congestion during emergency evacuations. The algorithm allows a long link of the network to be used as a buffer to keep the traffic flow moving in. Concurrently, a detour trigger time is estimated to keep the traffic under-saturated in the buffer zone and minimize the total travel time. The integration algorithm presented in this paper is an efficient mathematical solution for travel time cost calculation. A case study is presented to demonstrate the efficacy of the traffic demand buffering strategy developed in this research for managing the evacuation flow.     

应急管理中的敏捷创新：基于健康码的案例研究

面对紧急情况下的各种约束,当事方很容易陷入路径依赖,从而不能实现真正的创新。但在2019年底的新冠疫情应对中,中国健康码异军突起,实现了敏捷创新。选取最具代表性的两类健康码,基于一手访谈和公开报道资料,还原健康码从孕育到成熟的全过程,发现其模式与按部就班的传统创新几乎完全相反。通过与另外3组共6类健康码对照,归纳出打破路径依赖、实现敏捷创新所需的3个条件：制度弹性、应变能力和领导能力。结论对改进科研管理以及理解创新本质具有一定启发。     

美国救市法案中的公允价值会计谬误

2008金融危机使公允价值备受关注。分析美国救市法案的公允价值议题和金融机构对公允价值的责难,发现前者本欲减轻金融机构某些资产按公允价值计量所产生的压力,却将矛头指向仅提供计量和披露方法的SFAS157,后者则将确认巨额次贷减值损失的原因归咎于公允价值会计。论文认为这些都是风马牛不相及的问题,存在明显的谬误。     

网络视角下应急产业集群协同创新能力评价研究

随着我国经济社会快速发展和公共安全需求日益增长,应急产业正快速成长。应急产业作为新兴产业,创新是其首要驱动力,协同创新网络是其创新能力提升的重要依赖。基于应急产业集群协同创新网络构成分析,构建协同耦合、创新动力、沟通学习、联合互补、评价反馈等运行机制。在此基础上结合应急产业发展现状及特征,构建应急产业集群协同创新能力评价指标体系及评价模型,利用灰色多层次综合评价法对湖北省随州市应急专用车产业集群进行实证分析,并对如何提升应急专用车产业集群协同创新能力提出建议。