知识密集型服务企业的知识创新体系

文章指出,基于专业知识储备提供满足客户需求的解决方案,是知识密集型服务企业(KIBS)的一大特征,而知识的储备与恰当运用是KIBS固本强基的两个重要方面。文章提出了一个以KIBS为主角,以客户群组为协作方,以外部知识源为参与方,以联系这三大要素的知识反馈与升华机制为保障的KIBS知识创新体系模型,为知识密集型服务企业做好固本强基工作提供参考。     

Impact of international entry choices on the nature and type of innovation: Evidence from emerging economy firms from the Indian bio-pharmaceutical industry

As emerging economy multinational enterprises (EMNEs) enter foreign countries in search of new markets, seeking to expand their knowledge bases, research on the type and nature of innovation activity is needed to address the impact of EMNEs’ choices related to international expansion. Building on prior literature on entry mode and location choices, as well as on organizational learning, we argue that how and where an EMNE expands internationally will impact the nature of its innovation. We carry out empirical analysis on a sample of 167 Indian bio-pharmaceutical firms for the period from 1997–2017. Our findings suggest that greenfield ventures foster innovation in core technologies, while cross-border mergers and acquisitions (M&As) foster innovation in non-core technologies. In addition, locating subsidiaries in high income countries encourages product innovations, while locating in low income countries encourages process innovations. Our findings contribute to the growing literature on differences in learning outcomes of EMNE internationalization.     

高科技企业跨国创新生态系统:结构、形成、特征

跨国创新生态系统以技术标准化战略为纽带,由高科技企业在全球范围内通过开展协作研发、知识产权许可、技术标准合作,形成基于构件/模块的知识异化、共存共生、共同进化的配套性技术创新体系.其内部的企业、创新种群、创新群落、创新网(键)、创新环境分别与一般自然生态系统中生物、种群、群落、食物网(链)、自然环境具有类似的生态特征及规律,而且,跨国创新生态系统与其它生态组织相比,还具有集群的高度虚拟性、创新的跨国性、合作共生的必然性等特征.     

对人参“大发展”背景下金融机构创新经营发展的思考——以中国“人参之乡”抚松县为例

抚松县是中国人参之乡,是长白山人参的主产地,人参种植面积及产量均居全国之首。近年来,抚松县以万良长白山人参市场为依托,积极推进人参产业升级改造,经过几年的开发,抚松县人参大发展战略已初具规模,2011年抚松县人参产业实现产值43.3亿元,同比增长75.7%,拉动全县经济增长17.4个百分点。人参产业比重逐年增加,人参大发展加快推动县域经济农业化进程的同时,也辐射了三农经济的快速发展,同时也为县域涉农金融机构的经营及发展提出了新考验。     

技术知识溢出和创新聚集:基于知识构成视角的分析

从知识本身特征出发揭示了技术知识的空间溢出和创新活动聚集的内在机理.在知识是由显性-隐性、个人-集体两个维度构成的假设下,阐述了知识的可溢出性和流动粘性.并运用SECI转化模型刻画公司技术知识溢出和转移的机制.由于知识流动具有粘性特征,导致知识溢出和传播的地理局限性,从而使创新活动出现空间聚集现象.     

Into the Mussa puzzle: monetary policy regimes and the real exchange rate in a small open economy

Industrial countries moving from fixed to floating exchange rate regimes experience dramatic rises in the variability of the real exchange rate. This evidence, forcefully documented by Mussa [Nominal exchange regimes and the behavior of real exchange rates: evidence and implications. Carnegie-Rochester Conference Series on Public Policy 25 (1986) 117], is a puzzle because it is hard to reconcile with the assumption of flexible prices. This paper lays out a dynamic general equilibrium model of a small open economy that combines nominal price rigidity with a systematic behavior of monetary policy able to approximate a continuum of exchange rate regimes. A version of the model with complete exchange rate pass-through is broadly consistent with Mussa’s findings. Most importantly, this holds independently of the underlying source of fluctuations in the economy, stressing the role of the nominal exchange rate regime per se in affecting the variability of the real exchange rate. However, only a model featuring incomplete exchange rate pass-through can account for a broader range of exchange rate statistics. Finally there exist ranges of values for either the degree of openness or the elasticity of substitution between domestic and foreign goods for which the baseline model is also consistent with the empirical insensitivity of output volatility to the type of exchange rate regime, as documented by Baxter and Stockman [Journal of Monetary Economics 23 (1989) 377].     

External pressure or internal culture? An innovation diffusion theory account of small retail businesses’ social media use

COVID-19 put unprecedented external pressure on small businesses to adopt or increase use of social media while not all small businesses are internally ready for this rapid change. This study investigated the roles of external pressures and organizational culture of openness and learning in driving small retail business owners'/managers' social media use decisions by impacting their perceived usefulness and barriers, based on the innovation-decision process model from the diffusion of innovations theory and the theory of reasoned action. An online survey with structured measurements was administered to 411 U.S. small retail business owners/managers. Results from structural equation modeling revealed that external pressures positively influenced small business owners'/managers’ perceived usefulness and barriers and social media use intention. In addition, the culture of openness and learning positively influenced the perceived usefulness while mitigating the perceived barriers, thereby directly and indirectly influencing the social media use intention. Theoretical and managerial implications are discussed.     

异质性人力资本对制造业出口产品质量的影响研究

人力资本作为经济发展的高质量型创新动力,对提升我国制造业出口产品的质量发挥着重要的内源作用。基于异质性人力资本的视角,选取2006—2016年省级层面十二大类(HS码)的贸易数据,并以技术创新和城市化作为中介变量,实证检验人力资本异质性对制造业出口产品质量的直接效应和间接效应。研究表明,人力资本极大地提高了我国制造业出口产品的整体质量,并且通过引领技术创新和人口的空间集聚,实现对制造业出口产品的高质量发展。其中,初级人力资本效果不显著,中级和高级人力资本通过技术创新和城市化的间接效应对提高制造业出口产品质量发挥了重要的提升作用。     

Impact of domestic and foreign knowledge mechanisms on the innovation performance of Indian firms

Research on emerging market firms (EMFs) has acknowledged the role of innovation in catching-up with advanced economies. Although we know that EMFs’ innovation increasingly depends on collaborations and cross-border knowledge flows, less has been said about the effectiveness of foreign and domestic knowledge mechanisms adopted to improve EMFs’ innovation performance. We hypothesize that foreign mechanisms rely on diverse knowledge and foster explorative innovation (i.e. innovation that extends the existing local competencies), while domestic mechanisms are more likely to be associated with the exploitation of the local existing competencies. Additionally, we claim that the breadth of EMFs’ absorptive capacity strengthens the impact of foreign knowledge mechanisms on explorative innovation, while depth increases the impact of domestic knowledge mechanisms on EMFs’ exploitative innovation, thus highlighting that the interplay of knowledge resources internal and external to the firm involve different levels of recombination. Our empirical analyses conducted on a sample of 161 Indian bio-pharmaceutical firms observed from 1997 to 2018 confirm our hypotheses, thus contributing to the literature on EMFs’ catching up via internationalization and innovation.     

A systematic review of the relationship between international diversification and innovation: A firm-level perspective

We conduct a systematic review of the relationship between international diversification (ID) and firm-level innovation (I), considering articles published between 1989 and 2020. The relationship between international diversification and innovation strategies is dynamic and complex, and recent evidence challenges the traditional notion that upgrading firm-specific advantages through technological innovation can be sufficient to guarantee international firm growth and performance. We develop a unified framework that integrates findings from extant ID-I research while also proposing new avenues for further research on topics such as: how firms deal with potentially conflicting ID-I goals, how underlying firm motives shape the interactions between these goals, and how new technologies and institutional dynamism increasingly influence the ID-I relationship. We also discuss how and why the new contexts in which decisions are made, together with the prevalence of relatively newer types of firms (e.g., those associated with global value chains, latest wave of emerging market multinationals, digitalized service MNEs), require a more modern conceptualization of the ID-I relationship.