Organizational and competitive influences of exploration and exploitation activities in small firms

This study explores organizational and competitive factors affecting exploration/exploitation activities in SMEs by examining the role of entrepreneurial orientation (EO), market orientation (MO) and perceived competitive intensity. We test the relationships among these variables using data collected from 55 manufacturing SMEs operating in the southern part of U. S. The findings provide a strong support for a positive association between EO, MO and exploration/exploitation activities. Perceived competitive intensity was only a significant moderator for the relationship between MO and the degree of exploratory activities. Our findings, hence, suggest the significant role organizational predictors play in enhancing exploration/exploitation activities in SMEs. Implications for research and practice are discussed.     

家族企业创业导向与企业成长：社会情感财富与制度环境的调节作用

旨在研究家族企业创业导向对企业成长的影响,并探讨社会情感财富和制度环境在二者之间的调节作用。运用8个省份家族企业问卷调查数据进行分析检验,结果表明：①家族企业创业导向对企业成长具有显著正向影响;②社会情感财富不同对家族企业创业导向与企业成长关系的影响不同,家族控制正向调节家族企业创业导向与企业成长关系,家族代际传承意愿负向调节家族企业创业导向与企业成长关系,即随着家族控制意愿的增强或家族代际传承意愿的降低,家族企业创业导向对企业成长的影响增大;③制度环境正向调节家族企业创业导向与企业成长关系,即随着制度环境的改善,家族企业创业导向对企业成长的影响增大。     

政策契合、资源整合与创业能力

当前,我国经济发展进入新常态,高层次科技人才成为区域经济发展中科技创新创业的生力军。高层次科技人才创业能力高低成为决定其创业成功与否的关键因素。运用扎根理论对3位高层次科技人才创业案例进行研究,最终构建了高层次科技人才创业能力提升路径理论模型。高层次科技人才创业可通过契合区级政府人才政策获取政策支持,将自身创业资源与政策资源有效整合,从而大幅提升自身创业能力。     

Understanding the size and profitability of firms: The role of a biological factor

In a large sample of entrepreneurs, 2D:4D (second-to-fourth digit) ratio and managerial performance are studied. Entrepreneurs with lower ratio manage larger firms, manage larger firms when acquire control and experience faster average growth. Firms run by high prenatal testosterone entrepreneurs have lower profitability as measured by return on assets and return on sales. Prenatal testosterone is correlated with elicited measures of entrepreneurial skills, like work effort and optimism and the latter are correlated with firm size. This evidence suggests entrepreneurial ability has a biological component and is consistent with models of the size distribution of firms based on entrepreneurial ability.     

How entrepreneurs recognise entrepreneurial opportunity and its gaps: a cognitive theory perspective

ABSTRACT

Previous studies have verified the relationship between entrepreneurial opportunity recognition and performance. However, the influences of a perceived gap between entrepreneurial opportunities before and after launching a new venture have been neglected. This study applied the partial least square method to analyse the entrepreneurial behaviours and performance of 214 Taiwanese new ventures, and adapted the bootstrap re-sampling method for estimating the variables. The empirical results showed that entrepreneurial resource and entrepreneurial alertness significantly influence the perceived opportunity, while the entrepreneurial resource significantly affects the actual opportunity. The results further demonstrated that both the perceived opportunity and actual opportunity considerably influence new venture performance. This study offered a research framework to better understand the cognition path of entrepreneurial opportunity, and suggested the factors affecting the recognition of perceived opportunity by longitudinal method can be further evaluated. To improve performance, entrepreneurs should enrich entrepreneurial resources and allocate them appropriately, and heighten and maintain their alertness to reduce the perceived gap arising from recognising entrepreneurial opportunities.     

Efficiency and effectiveness of small retailers: The role of customer and entrepreneurial orientation

While it is generally agreed that a customer and entrepreneurial orientation enhance company performance in large multi-national organizations, relatively little is known about how these variables influence the small retailers that form a substantial part of national economic well-being. This study investigates the potential influences of these factors on the performance of small retailers in Switzerland, because this nation has long had a reputation for creativity, innovation and a customer focus. Performance is viewed as a two dimensional concept including an effectiveness and an efficiency perspective. Data for this study were collected through personal interviews from 261 SMEs. While customer orientation is found to be positively related to both efficiency and effectiveness, results only show a positive impact from entrepreneurial orientation on effectiveness. At the same time, entrepreneurial orientation is found to be a driver of customer orientation, and thus having an indirect impact also on efficiency for the small retail firms. All in all, the study shows that small retailers do indeed put an emphasis on both customer and entrepreneurial orientation in spite of their limited resources. It also stresses that this will increase their competitive advantage. In the light of existing literature, limitations and future research directions are subsequently addressed.     

科技园区创业生态环境模型构建及应用研究

创业环境是决定创业倾向、影响创业成功率的重要因素之一.本文针对科技园区创业环境,结合生态系统理论,模拟自然生态系统,采用四维度框架构建科技园区创业生态环境模型.该模型定性地分析了各生态因子的影响作用,为科技园区管理机构管理园区发展提供合理有效的管理途径,以及选择培养对企业成长起重要影响作用的生态因子提供理论依据.     

构建经管类多学科综合仿真实验教学体系的探索——以江西财经大学为例

针对创业型人才的培养目标,提出了经管类多学科综合仿真实验教学体系的构建、并介绍了实验教学体系的内容和特色;