人民币汇率变动对我国商品出口价格的传递效应——加工贸易框架下的检验

本文综合考虑了加工贸易模式下汇率变动对进口中间产品价格和最终产品出口价格的双重影响,并在此基础上对传统的汇率传递模型作了改进,根据改进后的变量关系构建了VAR模型,利用2004年1月至2010年6月的月度数据估计了人民币名义有效汇率对我国商品出口价格指数的传递效应,发现传递程度在短期内比较显著,而在长期内明显减弱。另外还发现,成本变化对出口价格影响较大,需求变化对出口价格影响较小。     

不同因素影响下我国出口企业依市定价行为的非对称性研究——基于总体层面和典型行业层面的比较

文章利用中美贸易数据,从出口企业总体层面以及行业(HS11、HS16)层面比较分析了三种不同的内、外部经济因素波动对我国出口企业依市定价(PTM)行为的非对称性影响。结果发现:(1)美国经济波动和汇率波动率对出口企业依市定价行为具有显著的非对称性影响,但汇率变化幅度则没有发现这种影响;(2)尽管具有某些共性,但不论从总体层面上还是典型行业层面,出口企业的PTM行为对于影响因素变化的敏感程度以及PTM程度在影响因素变化前后的非对称程度均存在着明显的差异;(3)无论影响因素如何波动,技术密集型产业(HS16)的PTM行为均低于劳动密集型产业(HS11)的PTM行为。文章对此进行了详细的分析并讨论了其政策涵义。     

Interest rate pass-through and illiquidity shocks in the US

This study examines the US interest rate pass-through mechanism and considers the illiquidity shocks upon retail interest rate correlations caused by financial crises between 1986 and 2011. We estimate a bi-variable EGARCH model using a dynamic conditional correlation model developed by Engle (2002 Engle, R. F. 2002. Dynamic Conditional Correlation: A Simple Class of Multivariate Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity Models. Journal of Business and Economic Statistics, 20: 339–350. [Taylor & Francis Online], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]) in order to analyze how asymmetric monetary policy influences interest rate pass-through. We test the risks to the dynamic condition and changes in the correlation coefficient. The main empirical results are as follows. First, the long-run interest rate pass-through mechanism is unstable in the US. Second, expected monetary policy impulses are greater than the unexpected ones in the short-run. Finally, according to the one-step and N-step forecast tests, the illiquidity shocks caused by financial crises demonstrate a significant change in retail interest rate risks, but not in correlations between retail interest rates. We conclude that when the interest rate pass-through mechanism is unstable, banks may stop helping each other and will not provide loans to firms and consumers, thereby exhausting the capital of all economic systems. The characteristics of illiquidity enter into the interest rate pass-through mechanism; therefore, the relationship between illiquidity and the interest rate pass-through needs to be investigated.     

Differences in long run exchange rate pass-through into import prices in developing countries: An empirical investigation

This paper investigates the exchange rate pass-through into import prices in a sample of 24 developing countries over the period from 1980 to 2003. We estimate a pass-through equation determined by a combination of the nominal exchange rate, the price of the competing products, the exporter's costs and demand conditions. We adopt non-stationary panel estimation techniques and tests for cointegration. In the long run, homogeneity of pass-through rates across countries can be rejected. Moreover, we show that most of these differences in exchange rate pass-through into import prices are due to three macroeconomics determinants: exchange rate regimes, trade barriers and inflation regimes.     

中美小麦期货价格与现货价格传递关系的比较研究

为研究我国小麦期货市场价格发现功能的发挥程度及此功能对现货市场价格的影响,本文运用Johansen协整检验、误差修正模型、脉冲响应函数和方差分解等对中美小麦期货与现货价格传递关系进行了实证研究。结果显示：中美两国国内小麦期货与现货价格之间均存在明显的双向引导关系和长期均衡关系;我国小麦期货价格和现货价格对一个标准差信息冲击的反应均稍强于美国;我国小麦期货市场价格发现功能的发挥程度要优于美国。     

The impact of a ‘soda tax’ on prices: evidence from French micro data

Based on an original data set of more than 500,000 non-alcoholic beverage price records, we evaluate the impact on consumer prices of the ‘soda tax’, an excise on drinks with added sugar or sweetener, introduced in France in January 2012. We adopt a difference in differences approach and find that the tax was gradually passed through to the prices of the taxed beverages. After 6 months of its introduction, it was fully shifted to soda prices and almost fully shifted to the prices of fruit drinks, while the pass-through for flavoured waters was incomplete. We also find that the pass-through was heterogeneous across brands and retail groups.     

人民币汇率变动对我国通货膨胀的影响：汇率传递视角的研究

在开放经济条件下,汇率变动对一国通货膨胀水平的决定具有重要作用。本文利用自回归分布滞后(ARDL)模型研究了人民币汇率变动对以消费者价格指数(CPI)衡量的国内通货膨胀的传递效应。研究结果表明,人民币汇率变动对以CPI衡量的通货膨胀水平的传递是不完全的且存在明显的时滞,长期和短期汇率传递效应都很低;汇率变动对我国CPI的传递效应受食品价格冲击的影响非常大。本文的研究结论对于我国的汇率制度改革和货币政策实施等具有重要的启示意义。     

人民币名义有效汇率对进口价格的传递效应研究

本文基于一个成本加成模型,实证分析了人民币名义有效汇率对进口价格的传递效应。结果表明,1995年第一季度到2007年第二季度期间,人民币名义有效汇率的进口价格传递是不完全的:汇率若升值1%,短期内进口价格下降约0.26个百分点,长期下降0.25—0.29个百分点。利用滚动回归方法发现1995至2007年期间汇率对进口价格的传递程度呈先下降后上升的趋势。进一步检验表明,人民币名义有效汇率对进口价格的传递一定程度上内生于国内通货膨胀环境,同时也可能和进口产品结构的演变有关。     

Exchange Rate Pass-through in China

During the second half of 2007 and early part of 2008 when there were intense inflationary pressures in China, RMB appreciation was advocated as a means of helping to curb inflation. The effectiveness of appreciation in controlling inflation depends on the impact of exchange rate movements on import and domestic prices. Our analysis finds fairly large and speedy exchange rate pass-through （ERPT） to import prices： 50 and 60percent for the short run and long run, respectively. However, the degree of ERPT decreases along the price chain from upstream to downstream prices. ERPT for consumer prices, the most downstream prices, is much milder and has substantial lags. A 10-percent rise in the nominal effective exchange rate will dampen consumer prices by 1.1 percent within a year, with very little pass-through in the first half year, and by 2.0percent over the long run. These findings, particularly the ERPT to consumer prices, suggest that RMB appreciation can help to reduce inflationary pressures over the longer term. However, it is unlikely to provide rapid relief to the current round of high inflation because of the long lags in ERPZ. The RMB needs to strengthen in effective terms to exert the desired dampening impact on prices.     

外部冲击与我国物价水平的决定——基于结构VAR模型的分析

文章建立结构VAR模型考察了1997年1月至2008年8月期间外部冲击(国际石油价格和人民币名义有效汇率)对我国国内物价水平及其分类价格指数的传递效应.结果表明,价格和汇率传递都是不完全的、滞后的和沿价格链递减的,且对分类价格指数的传递差异较大;相比人民币名义有效汇率,国际石油价格冲击对我国进口价格指数、生产者价格指数和消费者价格指数的传递率更高,影响更大;我国近期消费者价格指数的上扬较多地是受到上游价格链冲击、需求冲击、货币政策冲击和供给冲击的影响,人民币升值的抑制通胀效应较弱.