The consequence of possessions: Self-identity,extended self,psychological ownership and probabilities of purchase for pet’s fashion clothing

This research attempts to exemplify whether pets ascribed as possessions can be regarded, as part of our selves, i.e., a metaphoric relationship with pets, by examining the dynamic relationship between beliefs, extended self, self-identity concerning possessions, and psychological ownership.This study extends the literature by developing a conceptual model asserting that probabilities of purchase for pets, in particular, are contingent on possessions and the extended self. A sample of 326 pet owners was selected, and by using SEM, the direct and indirect relationships were explored. Self-identity and beliefs were significantly associated with psychological control and the extended self, however, beliefs were negatively related to the probabilities of purchase. The extended self and the psychological ownership demonstrated mediating relationships. The study contributes to an understanding of the theoretical relationship between the role of possessions and provides scholars and retail practitioners with an understanding of probabilities of purchase for pet fashions.     

武汉城市圈农民人均年纯收入差距研究

文章利用2000～2007年间武汉城市圈9城市历年统计年鉴的数据,对该城市圈各城市间农民人均年纯收入差距的演变,分别从绝对差距、相对差距、"倒U"型假说以及收敛性等角度,进行了全方位的详细分析。结果显示:绝对差距逐年扩大,而相对差距总体是缩小的,尽管期间扩大和缩小交替出现;库兹涅茨"倒U"型通过检验;δ-收敛和绝对β-收敛都通过了检验,证明了收敛性的存在;通过控制影响农民人均年纯收入差距的经济结构差异变量后,条件β-收敛显著存在,一产比重与收入的增长负相关,而二产比重则相反。     

中国地区间经济发展不平衡——水平测度和成因探究

在测度中国省区间经济发展不平衡程度的基础上,揭示了不平衡的影响因素:1989年至2008年间,中国省区间经济发展不平衡的状况不断加剧,加权变异系数、基尼系数和泰尔指数(II)增长了30%左右,泰尔指数(I)的增幅更是高达67%;人均GDP、国内资本存量、贸易开放度和第三产业增加值等因素显著加剧了地区间不平衡,教育水平的提高则显著抑制了地区间不平衡的扩大;失业率和城市化水平也对地区间不平衡产生了一定的影响,而外商直接投资对不平衡的影响作用是不确定的。     

Seasonal concentration of tourism demand: Decomposition analysis and marketing implications

This paper analyzes seasonality in the United Kingdom, specifically the English regions in relation to tourists' place of origin and main travel motivation. The method used is a decomposition of the Gini index, which provides relative marginal effects that facilitate the identification of market segments open to counter-seasonal marketing efforts. This method has been combined with a graphical multivariate technique (biplot), which groups segments according to their seasonality characteristics. Seasonal patterns associated with particular segments differ significantly when studied on a disaggregated basis. Therefore, an adequate level of disaggregation is essential in the design of counter-seasonal strategies. Although this study focuses on British destinations, this methodology could be used as a control and monitoring measure in the regional analysis of any destination, facilitating regular adjustment of regional tourism marketing campaigns to minimize seasonality effects, specifically by targeting the types of tourists less prone to seasonality.     

The contribution of social tourism to sustainable tourism: a case study of seasonally adjusted programmes in Spain

Recent policy from the European Union has attempted to justify social tourism initiatives on the basis that they lead to a more sustainable tourism industry. However, the majority of latest research in the field has been focused on the benefits for participants, with the addition of some evidence on the economic impacts of such programmes on destinations, which have pointed towards sustainability outcomes including: a longer tourism season, more even spread of demand, and longer periods of employment for tourism workers. Yet there is a lack of direct evidence linking such programme to these outcomes. This paper aimed to explore this important disconnect between policy assumptions and evidence-based outcomes through an analysis of the deseasonalising effects of the Spanish social tourism programme for older people. The research found that this programme does have an effect on the seasonal nature of employment and economic activity in most regions studied, but that the huge volume of demand from international tourists in the high seasons masks the quantitative effects in the regions with the highest seasonal concentration of international tourists. Recommendations for policy and practice in sustainable tourism are made that are transferable to many countries and regions that adopt social tourism programmes.     

中国八大城市群互联网金融发展的区域差异分解及收敛性研究

研究目标：揭示长三角城市群、珠三角城市群、京津冀城市群、中原城市群、长江中游城市群、哈长城市群、成渝城市群和北部湾城市群等八大城市群互联网金融发展的区域差异及其收敛性。研究方法：利用2014年3月~2015年12月蚂蚁金服大数据平台公布的城市互联网金融发展指数月度数据,采用Dagum基尼系数及其分解方法对八大城市群互联网金融发展的区域差异进行分解,采用空间面板数据回归模型对σ收敛、β收敛、俱乐部收敛进行检验。研究发现：2014年3月~2015年12月,八大城市群互联网金融发展的总体区域差异呈逐渐下降的趋势,珠三角城市群内部互联网金融发展的差异最大,地区间差异是导致互联网金融区域差距的主要来源,互联网金融发展呈现出典型的σ收敛。研究创新：揭示八大城市群互联网金融发展的区域差异来源,对σ收敛、β收敛、俱乐部收敛进行经验检验。研究价值：对于缩小互联网金融发展的区域差异,促进城市群互联网金融的协同发展具有重要意义。     

七大城市群创新能力的区域差距及其分布动态演进

研究目标：京津冀、长三角、珠三角、长江中游、成渝、中原以及哈长城市群创新能力的区域差距及其时空动态演进。研究方法：运用Dagum基尼系数、Kernel密度估计、空间Markov链进行实证研究。研究发现：七大城市群创新能力空间差距呈缩小趋势但依然显著,区域间差距是总体差距的主要来源;其创新能力分布呈不同的极化现象与趋势;其创新能力发展具有显著的空间依赖性,邻域创新环境的优劣对周边城市创新水平的向上转移产生非同步、差异化影响。研究创新：挖掘七大城市群创新能力区域差距来源,并通过科学揭示其时空演变规律为城市群创新差距提供空间解释。研究价值：对缩小城市群创新能力区域差距,构建创新驱动的区域经济发展支撑点具有重要的理论和现实意义。     

THE GINI CONCENTRATION INDEX: A REVIEW OF THE INFERENCE LITERATURE

More than a century ago, Corrado Gini proposed his well-known concentration index for measuring the degree of inequality in the distribution of income and wealth. His index is still extremely relevant and widely used in several fields of research and application. In this paper, we focus on the inferential properties of the Gini index, and discuss the main directions of analysis proposed in the literature. The aim of the paper is to provide a comprehensive review of the main developments on the inferential aspects of the Gini concentration ratio. We feel that this work can provide a valuable contribution to those scholars who are approaching the large amount of literature on the inferential properties of the Gini index.     

The cointegrated vector autoregressive model with general deterministic terms

In the cointegrated vector autoregression (CVAR) literature, deterministic terms have until now been analyzed on a case-by-case, or as-needed basis. We give a comprehensive unified treatment of deterministic terms in the additive model $X_t=\gamma Z_t+Y_t$, where $Z_t$ belongs to a large class of deterministic regressors and $Y_t$ is a zero-mean CVAR. We suggest an extended model that can be estimated by reduced rank regression, and give a condition for when the additive and extended models are asymptotically equivalent, as well as an algorithm for deriving the additive model parameters from the extended model parameters. We derive asymptotic properties of the maximum likelihood estimators and discuss tests for rank and tests on the deterministic terms. In particular, we give conditions under which the estimators are asymptotically (mixed) Gaussian, such that associated tests are ${\chi }^2$-distributed.     

中国城乡金融发展与基尼系数的灰色关联分析

用6个指标反映中国城乡金融发展水平,并利用灰色关联分析模型,分析2003—2011年中国城乡金融发展对基尼系数的影响。研究结果显示:金融结构、金融中介效率、固定资产投入产出比和金融行业劳动力对基尼系数的影响最大。最后提出缩短城乡居民收入差距的金融对策。