中国金融发展的地区差距问题研究——基于Dagum基尼系数方法的分析

准确刻画中国金融发展的演变态势,对于解决金融发展差距不断拉大这一问题至关重要。文章以中国31个省份1978—2009年数据为样本,以金融相关比率作为衡量指标,运用Dagum基尼系数方法对中国金融发展的地区差距进行测算。通过研究发现,样本考察期内,中国金融发展的总体差距呈现扩大趋势,地区间差距是总体差距的主要来源,并且对总体差距的贡献率大于超变密度对总体差距的贡献率,地区内差距对总体差距的贡献率不明显。在此基础上,提出了促进不同地区金融协调发展的对策建议。     

中国地区间经济发展不平衡——水平测度和成因探究

在测度中国省区间经济发展不平衡程度的基础上,揭示了不平衡的影响因素:1989年至2008年间,中国省区间经济发展不平衡的状况不断加剧,加权变异系数、基尼系数和泰尔指数(II)增长了30%左右,泰尔指数(I)的增幅更是高达67%;人均GDP、国内资本存量、贸易开放度和第三产业增加值等因素显著加剧了地区间不平衡,教育水平的提高则显著抑制了地区间不平衡的扩大;失业率和城市化水平也对地区间不平衡产生了一定的影响,而外商直接投资对不平衡的影响作用是不确定的。     

西部地区经济差异化分析——基于基尼系数的产业分解

随着西部经济的进一步发展,该区内部经济发展不平衡的问题也日渐凸显。文章在梳理西部省区经济差异发展状况和产业结构演变历程的基础上,运用基尼系数对西部12省区进行了产业分解。结果表明,二、三产业发展水平是西部经济差异化扩大的主要因素,而地理集中程度又是导致西部二、三产业发展水平差异化的主要因素。     

京津冀地区农产品集聚及时空演变特征

［目的］基于1980—2015分5年1期的京津冀地区各县市播种总面积,以及14类农产品播种面积、产量等数据。研究京津冀地区各农产品的集聚程度、集聚结构稳定性以及集聚的空间分布与转移,为政府因地制宜地制定农业政策,农产品加工企业的选址提供数据支持与参考。［方法］综合运用区位商、基尼系数、产业集中率以及重心分析法,分析京津冀地区农业生产的地理集聚和时空演变特征。［结果］（1）稻谷、大豆、薯类、棉花、果园、水产和禽蛋的集聚度在不断地增强; 小麦、玉米、油料、肉类和林业的集聚度保持相对稳定; 蔬菜和牛奶的集聚度在不断地降低。（2）SQ与Q>1两者总体呈反向变化,即Q>1的值减小,农作物SQ值增加,集聚程度增强;Q>1的值增加,农作物SQ值减小,集聚程度降低。（3）不同行业农产品的集聚度高低为：水产业>林业>畜牧业>经济作物（含蔬菜和果园）>粮食作物,且经济作物和粮食作物的集聚度在不断的增强。（4）各农产品的生产结构稳定性大小排列：玉米>水产>小麦>蔬菜>果园>稻谷>牛奶>大豆>肉类>薯类>油料>林产品>棉花>禽蛋。［结论］京津冀地区农产品集聚度总体在提高,少数农产品的集聚度在降低; 各农产品生产重心总体朝着京津冀外围转移。     

Seasonal concentration of tourism demand: Decomposition analysis and marketing implications

This paper analyzes seasonality in the United Kingdom, specifically the English regions in relation to tourists' place of origin and main travel motivation. The method used is a decomposition of the Gini index, which provides relative marginal effects that facilitate the identification of market segments open to counter-seasonal marketing efforts. This method has been combined with a graphical multivariate technique (biplot), which groups segments according to their seasonality characteristics. Seasonal patterns associated with particular segments differ significantly when studied on a disaggregated basis. Therefore, an adequate level of disaggregation is essential in the design of counter-seasonal strategies. Although this study focuses on British destinations, this methodology could be used as a control and monitoring measure in the regional analysis of any destination, facilitating regular adjustment of regional tourism marketing campaigns to minimize seasonality effects, specifically by targeting the types of tourists less prone to seasonality.     

Predictors of individuals’ intention to conserve water in a lodging context: the application of an extended Theory of Reasoned Action

This study sought to develop an extended Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) model to provide a clear understanding of individuals’ intention to conserve water in a lodging context. In particular, the extended TRA incorporates two additional constructs: environmental concern and water conservation activities in everyday life, into the original TRA model. The outcomes of the present paper have shown that individuals’ attitudes, subjective norms and water conservation activities in everyday life exert a positive influence on their intention to conserve water in a lodging context. The results also revealed that environmental concern has a positive influence on individuals’ attitudes and water conservation activities in everyday life but a non-significant influence on their subjective norms. The empirical results of Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) indicated that the extended model provides a better fit of the data, and explains greater amounts of variance in individuals’ intention to conserve water in a lodging context compared to the original TRA.     

人民币汇率波动对我国出口价格传递效应分析

汇率传递效应不仅影响国内总需求与总供给的均衡．而且还会影响国内货币政策实施的有效性。人民币汇率变动对我国进口价格及其他价格水平的传递程度是决定汇率调节我国贸易收支以及稳定国内物价水平的一个关键因素。本文的目的在于运用协整等方法分析人民币汇率变动对我国出口价格水平的影响,研究结果表明：无论长期内还是短期内,进出口价格对汇率波动的反应都较为敏感,不完全汇率的传递广泛存在于中国的出口企业。     

The cointegrated vector autoregressive model with general deterministic terms

In the cointegrated vector autoregression (CVAR) literature, deterministic terms have until now been analyzed on a case-by-case, or as-needed basis. We give a comprehensive unified treatment of deterministic terms in the additive model $X_t=\gamma Z_t+Y_t$, where $Z_t$ belongs to a large class of deterministic regressors and $Y_t$ is a zero-mean CVAR. We suggest an extended model that can be estimated by reduced rank regression, and give a condition for when the additive and extended models are asymptotically equivalent, as well as an algorithm for deriving the additive model parameters from the extended model parameters. We derive asymptotic properties of the maximum likelihood estimators and discuss tests for rank and tests on the deterministic terms. In particular, we give conditions under which the estimators are asymptotically (mixed) Gaussian, such that associated tests are ${\chi }^2$-distributed.     

The contribution of social tourism to sustainable tourism: a case study of seasonally adjusted programmes in Spain

Recent policy from the European Union has attempted to justify social tourism initiatives on the basis that they lead to a more sustainable tourism industry. However, the majority of latest research in the field has been focused on the benefits for participants, with the addition of some evidence on the economic impacts of such programmes on destinations, which have pointed towards sustainability outcomes including: a longer tourism season, more even spread of demand, and longer periods of employment for tourism workers. Yet there is a lack of direct evidence linking such programme to these outcomes. This paper aimed to explore this important disconnect between policy assumptions and evidence-based outcomes through an analysis of the deseasonalising effects of the Spanish social tourism programme for older people. The research found that this programme does have an effect on the seasonal nature of employment and economic activity in most regions studied, but that the huge volume of demand from international tourists in the high seasons masks the quantitative effects in the regions with the highest seasonal concentration of international tourists. Recommendations for policy and practice in sustainable tourism are made that are transferable to many countries and regions that adopt social tourism programmes.     

广西区域经济差距变化与原因研究

本文主要采用基尼指数度量了广西各地区经济差距的状况及变化趋势,分析结果表明广西的地区经济差距在缓慢扩大,但比全国的地区经济差距要小很多。本文进一步用1998～2008年广西各地市多个指标的数据建立面板数据模型进行计量分析,研究结果表明,人均产出增长率与城市化率、投资率和非农产业比重正相关,而与财政支出占GDP的比重负相关,这些因素的综合作用导致了广西区域经济差距的变化。