零售企业扩张实践质疑威廉姆森命题

"复制和选择性干预不可能",是威廉姆森关于企业规模边界的一个颇具权威性的命题,但是本文认为,这个命题已遭到零售企业扩张实践的质疑,沃尔玛、家乐福等零售企业的扩张恰恰是由"复制和选择性干预"所支撑的.本文从零售企业"类似性活动"业务属性和"订购性生产"经营特征分析切入,对零售企业扩张中"复制和选择性干预"成为可能的深层原因进行了探讨.最后,文章认为,威廉姆森命题的遭遇与经济学的某种局限有关,这种局限的直接表现是经济学一直都将企业默认为生产企业,忽略流通企业的特殊属性,"工商合一"、"以工代商".文章对这种表象背后的原因也作了一定的分析.     

宏观经济波动对工业所有制结构的影响——"国进民退"的回顾与前瞻

本文利用1998—2008年的样本数据,通过实证方法研究宏观经济波动对工业所有制结构的影响,结果表明经济增长速度、货币存量、出口增长率以及通货膨胀与国有工业比重下降速度均呈负相关关系,这说明国进民退是宏观经济景气度影响的结果。因此,我们认为宏观调控政策应从优化国有与非国有企业的融资环境、对微观结构影响的程度等方面去改善国有与非国有工业企业的经营环境。     

软件企业智力资本对企业成长的影响机制研究

在知识经济时代,企业的竞争优势已经从土地、资金转向企业拥有的知识、技能、经验,即企业的智力资本,在软件业,智力资本的地位尤为重要,本文的目的是探讨智力资本对软件企业的成长机制,认为顾客资本是整个智力资本的关键,智力资本的其他的维度通过顾客资本促进企业成长,而企业的过程资本则对智力资本与企业成长的关系具有调节作用。     

创新型企业公司治理结构与绩效关系研究——基于中国创业板上市公司的经验证据

本文选取2009～2010年在创业板上市的51家公司作为样本实证研究了创新型企业公司治理结构对公司绩效的影响。研究发现,中国创新型企业存在着实际控制人权力过大的问题,其治理结构表现出较明显的内部人控制现象,而独立董事的引入在一定程度上缓解了这一问题,并在公司绩效中得以体现。高管薪酬与公司绩效正相关,较高的薪酬水平能够有效激励高管团队创造良好的业绩。由于风险投资机构追求短期收益以及成为公司股东的时间较短,风险投资的引入并没有为创新型企业带来更高绩效。     

所有制结构变迁影响城乡收入差距的实证检验——基于面板协整的方法

所有制结构变迁是居民收入差距的根本原因,利用1995-2008年30个地区的数据进行面板协整检验表明：国有经济、集体经济与城乡收入差距存在协整关系,公有制经济和非公有制经济分别与城乡收入差距也存在协整关系;国有经济、公有制经济能缩小城乡收入的差距,而集体经济和非公有制经济则扩大城乡收入的差距。     

Will future land based food and fibre production be in family or corporate hands? An analysis of farm land ownership and governance considering farmer characteristics as choice drivers. The New Zealand case

Family farming in various guises has been the dominant ownership and governance system in primary production over recorded history. This outcome has been controlled by farmers and their families, possibly due to tradition, opportunities, personal characteristics, skill sets and the nature of primary production. Of these, it is hypothesised that the farmers’ personal characteristics play a major part in the choice, and continuance, of current ownership and governance systems. Equally as important, they, and therefore the land ownership system, play a part in the efficiency of production systems and improvement of the biological and production environment.The benefits and difficulties of commonly used ownership systems in Western society are reviewed. Using a sample of New Zealand (NZ) farms, a comparison of the managers’ features for owner/operator, partnership and corporate based systems is presented. There were significant differences in many variables including the farmers’ age, education, number of children, asset levels, years on the current farm, and similar, but more importantly, the farmers in the ownership system groups had differing personal characteristics. Significantly, despite the corporate based farms employing more professional assistance, the profit levels were similar across ownership systems leaving the farmers’ characteristics the main factors correlating with system choice. However, governance systems per se are only marginally correlated with production systems and efficiency.As successive generations of farmers are unlikely to have different characteristics, and corporate based systems continue to exhibit similar profit levels, relatively simple family based systems will continue to dominate farm land ownership and control. The trends suggest family farms will increase in size and involve family conglomerates facilitating the management of larger, and in many cases multiple, farms. While currently there are few differences in biological efficiency between ownership systems, given the efficiency benefits of size and scale, this could well change with the increase of family conglomerates. Relative to increasing corporatisation, the continuance of family based ownership and governance will also be of benefit to the environment. When developing land policies, these highlighted relationships should be taken into account. This study is a first to consider personal characteristics relative to ownership.     

Board structure and CEO compensation: Evidence from U.S. lodging industry

Using a sample of U.S. lodging firms, this paper examines the relationship between board of director characteristics and chief executive officer (CEO) compensation. Previous research shows that larger boards are detrimental to the effectiveness of the board of directors and deteriorate the control imposed on CEO actions and pay. Board independence is also suggested as an important quality to emphasize the control on the CEO. We propose that U.S. lodging firms’ board of directors provide a nice setting to investigate the effects of size and independence on CEO compensation level. Our findings suggest that CEO compensation is not related to board size, and positively related to proportion of the outside board members. These findings are contrary to the findings of previous studies. Our findings may provide significant insights to lodging firms’ board of directors to structure efficient compensation packages.     

Growth-focused or profit-focused firms: Transitions toward profitable growth

Profitable growth is the most desirable state tourism and hospitality firm managers can hope to achieve. In reality, however, it is not easy for a tourism and hospitality firm to consistently grow and accumulate profits. In order to achieve profitable growth, some firms focus on sales growth while victimizing profits, while others concentrate on profits and hold off on growth. To better understand these strategies, this study investigated the growth state, profit state and transitions of restaurant firms. The findings of this study supported that profit-focused firms are more likely to achieve profitable growth than growth-focused firms. In addition, growth-focused firms with low liquidity had a higher likelihood of transitioning to a state of low growth and low profit in the short-term, and this liquidity effect was more serious for small firms in terms of long-term performance. Further, when profit-focused firms had few growth opportunities, large free cash flows increased the likelihood of transitioning to a state of low growth and low profit in the short-term. More detailed results are provided in this paper.     

治理环境、股权结构与投资者关系管理

本文以2005年度中国上市公司投资者关系管理水平作为研究对象,考察了在中国证券市场上,治理环境、股权结构对投资者关系管理活动的影响.研究发现:在治理环境越好的地区,上市公司投资者关系管理活动水平越高,股权集中度与投资者关系管理水平显著负相关,第二大股东至第五大股东对控股股东的制衡作用有限,对投资者关系管理作用不显著;在政府控制的上市公司中,投资者关系管理水平较低;并且,治理环境对股权结构的治理效应具有互补的调节作用,降低股权集中度与投资者关系管理的负向效应,增强股权制衡度与投资者关系管理的正向关系;终极控制人性质不同的上市公司投资者关系管理水平受治理环境的影响存在着差异性.上述结论在一系列稳健性检验后仍成立.研究结论有助于进一步了解中国上市公司治理机制尤其是投资者关系管理的驱动因素,深化对一国内部的治理环境如何影响治理机制的研究积累.     

政府控制、终极控制人与上市公司债务期限结构

本文在代理理论框架下,基于我国政府干预的制度背景,以2004-2006年A股上市公司为样本研究了终极控制人与其所控制的上市公司债务期限结构选择的关系.实证检验结果表明:国有企业性质的终极控制人所控制的上市公司长期负债比例偏高.进一步区分不同行政级别的政府终极控制人进行回归,发现政府终极控制人的行政级别越低,企业长期债务比例越高.另外,通过对不同控股方式的样本公司分别进行回归分析的结果表明,在终极控制人通过复杂组织结构方式间接控制的上市公司中,终极控制人的不同产权性质及不同行政级别对上市公司长期债务选择的影响更加显著.上述研究发现,为认识政府控制和干预对企业财务决策的影响提供了更深入的证据,进而为厘清中国转轨经济进程中的政企关系提供了新的补充证据,并对理解不同组织结构方式的上市公司债务期限结构的差异性提供了一个新的视角.