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31.
32.
基于复杂供应链库存管理策略的系统动力学研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
在分析了具有不同提前期和加工时间的复杂供应链特点基础上,研究了混合CONWIP/Kanban库存管理思想与同步CONWIP库存管理思想在复杂供应链上的应用。同时借助Vensim建模平台。针对这两种管理思想建立了基于复杂供应链系统的动态仿真模型,并对模拟结果进行了分析。 相似文献
33.
The performance of Latin American countries in reducing poverty and expanding the middle class has been remarkable. By taking a close look at the Peruvian experience, we examine how this aggregate behavior relates to business cycle conditions and whether different population groups share this behavior. We find that social mobility is cyclical; it decreases in recessions but increases with strong economic growth. The reduction in poverty in Peru appears to be the result of a sustained increase in the poverty exit rate together with a prolonged decrease in the poverty entry rate. These results hold among heterogeneous groups and are particularly marked for households regarded as initially disadvantaged. 相似文献
34.
The replicator dynamics does not lead to correlated equilibria 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
It is shown that, under the replicator dynamics, all strategies played in correlated equilibrium may be eliminated, so that only strategies with zero marginal probability in all correlated equilibria survive. This occurs in particular in a family of 4×4 games built by adding a strategy to a Rock-Paper-Scissors game. 相似文献
35.
美国财政分权的效率分析 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
美国作为一个高度发达的市场经济国家,不但在经济发展领域里取得了令人瞩目的成就,而且在制度的设计、创新和发展等方面也有许多值得借鉴之处,美国财政分权体制就是其中之一.本文在分析财政分权效率的含义及要求的基础上,从美国政府问事权和财权划分明确且相互匹配、科学合理的转移支付制度、分权与制衡并存的预算机制、地方政府自治以及整个财政分权体制的法律依据等方面分析了美国财政分权高效的原因. 相似文献
36.
产业集聚效应的系统动力学模型研究 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
以系统动力学理论为基础,结合产业集聚效应的正反馈特征,对人才流、技术流、资金流和市场流的因果关系进行了探讨。通过产业集聚效应衡量方法的比较,构建系统动力学模型,分析制约产业集聚效应发挥的主要因素,提出加强政府投资力度、发挥市场机制作用和提高企业整体能力的建议。 相似文献
37.
Tetsuo Ono 《Economic Theory》2007,33(3):549-577
Pension benefits in old age establish a disincentive to save in youth, thereby yielding lower levels of capital stock and
the wage rate. As a result, the trade union has an incentive to change the composition of its two targets: employment and
the wage rate. This paper develops a model that includes employment effects of public pensions via capital accumulation and
union wage setting. Within this framework, we consider how contribution rates to the pension system influence the level and
time path of the unemployment rate. It is demonstrated that (1) a higher contribution rate results in a lower unemployment
rate, and (2) the economy with a high (low) contribution rate experiences monotone convergence towards (oscillatory convergence
towards or a period-2 cycle around) the steady state.
The author would like to thank an anonymous referee, Kazutoshi Miyazawa, and seminar participants at Osaka University for
their useful comments and suggestions, and Masako Ikefuji and Hiroaki Yamagami for their research assistance. Financial support
from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) through a Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists (B) (No.17730131),
the Asahi Glass Foundation, the Japan Economic Research Foundation and the 21st Century COE Program (Osaka University) is
gratefully acknowledged. All remaining errors are mine. 相似文献
38.
Fiscal sociology deals with the ramifications of the fiscal activities of the state into areas which are not their primary target. These effects may occur in sectors not directly affected such as related markets, but they may also occur outside the economic sphere proper, such as in politics, culture, religion, or society at large. Schumpeter contributed to the research project of fiscal sociology throughout his life. In this first approximation, his contribution is discussed in terms of his appreciation of three important scholars who all made landmark contributions to fiscal sociology: Franz Oppenheimer, Werner Sombart, and Gustav (von) Schmoller.JEL Classification:
B15, H39 相似文献
39.
John Tschirhart 《Journal of Bioeconomics》2003,5(2-3):193-214
Synopsis: The oft-cited analogies between ecological and economic systems are exploited to develop a many-species model of
population dynamics. In economies, markets are the fundamental institutions in which the interaction of demands and supplies
determine the quantities and prices of goods. However, economic markets are not appropriate for ecological communities, because
markets rely on voluntary exchange, whereas plants and animals engage in involuntary transfers of biomass. A properly defined
counterpart to markets based on biomass transfers permits a general equilibrium model of predator/prey and competitive interactions
in a many-species community. Functional response from optimal foraging and predation risk provide the demand and supply, respectively,
in the biomass transfers. Energy per unit time is scarce and predators and prey make optimum choices with respect to functional
response and risk avoidance based on required energy expenditures. The energy expenditures are similar to economic prices:
they determine foraging strategies and are beyond the control of the predators and prey, yet they are determined by the aggregate
choices of all predators and prey and by population densities. The energies acquired from foraging are used in a new way to
construct difference equations that determine the population dynamics.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
40.
Alexander Plum 《Applied economics》2019,51(13):1411-1432
Are low wages a way for the unemployed to switch to higher-paying jobs? Using data from the British Household Panel Survey, the labour market dynamics of unemployed, low-paid and higher-paid employed men are analysed. Moreover, the respective (un)employment duration and occupational skill level are accounted for. Results show that in general low wages significantly reduce the risk of future unemployment and increase the chances of ascending the salary ladder, especially in the case of long-term unemployment (>360 days). Furthermore, the occupational skill level has a substantial influence on the upward mobility of low-paid jobs: individuals working in the initial period in a low-paid and higher-skilled occupation have on average an 11 percentage points higher probability of entering higher pay compared to when working in a low-paid and low-skilled occupation. 相似文献