东西方财政职能演进的启示与思考

从收入和支出两个方面研究西方财政职能的演进和中国经济转型时期财政职能的演变,对照现代西方公共财政的特点分析中国推行公共财政建设中存在的问题,探究建立公共财政进程中认识和发挥财政职能的思路。     

财政分权与地方政府行为异化

作为财政体制改革的后果,财政分权导致政府间财政竞争,并改变了财政均等状况。中国国情的特殊性,尤其是官员委任制以及以经济增长为核心的地方政府官员政绩考核体系,使得政府间财政竞争更易导致地方政府财政支出结构呈现结构性扭曲。因此,制订合理的政绩考核标准,并相应调整财政体制是规范地方政府行为的当务之急。     

Income Redistribution with Well-Informed Local Governments

This paper examines the problem of redistributing incomeacross jurisdictions and to mobile workers within jurisdictionswhen local governments have better information than the centralgovernment about local production conditions. Under the centralgovernments optimal policy, the subsidies or taxes that localgovernments provide to mobile workers normally depend on whetherthese governments are net recipients or net donors of interjurisdictionalincome transfers. Moreover, the public-input decisions of somelocal governments are distorted. The analysis demonstrates thatit may not be desirable to harmonize social policies across jurisdictions,even when the beneficiaries are quite mobile.     

有关国家不发达地区开发的财政制度安排与借鉴

本选择美国、印度尼西亚等典型国家，就其不发达地区开发的财政制度安排问题，进行比较与分析，概括其异同，总结规律，为我国西部大开发提供借鉴。     

对当前加强财政监督职能的思考

随着社会主义市场经济的不断发展和完善，对政府部门依法行政的呼声越来越高，财政部门作为国家重要的经济管理部门，其运作的成功与否，关系到国发展和改革的成败，财政监督检查作为国家经济监督体系和国家宏观调控机制的有机组成部分，必须随着经济体制改革的深入和社会主义市场经济的发展而逐步完善并发挥重要作用，本就是在这一思想指导下，对当前如何加强财政监督职能作了一些思考。     

论我国地方财政风险的个性特征

我国地方财政风险，不同于一般的财政风险。从整体考察，它具有分散性、非均衡性和传导性；从结构考察，具有隐蔽性、发展性和内生性，同时它又受外部因素的影响很大。     

投资需求、利率机制与我国财政政策的有效性

本文在传统凯恩斯模型和新古典总供需模型的基础上构建了一个可计量的财政政策利率效应分析模型,并利用2LS方法对模型进行了估计,得出几点结论:一是我国财政政策对真实利率的影响在统计上并不显著;二是财政政策与真实利率之间无关性的估计结果并没有受财政赤字弥补方式和经济运行机制变化的影响;三是相对于财政政策,我国货币政策对真实利率的影响更显著,货币政策的相机变化通过利率机制对财政政策的有效性产生了一定的抵消作用,但程度有限。上述结论意味着,我国财政政策通过利率机制对私人部门投资需求产生的挤出效应是相当有限的。     

资产价格与货币、财税政策——文献综述与评价

本文在对研究资产价格与货币、财税政策关系的国内外相关理论进行了较为细致的梳理和总结后发现,国内外学者对于资产价格与货币政策的研究广泛而深入,而其研究结论又是如此模棱两可,资产价格与货币政策的关系处于不确定状态。而从税制发展史上看,房地产税收问题更一直是财政学研究的一个重点问题。关于资本市场的税制研究,国内外学者似乎着墨不多。     

The Elasticity of Taxable Income: The Case of South Africa

A key tax policy parameter that has received much attention in the international literature, but about which there is substantial uncertainty, is the overall elasticity of taxable income. The size of this parameter is central to the formulation of tax and transfer policy, as well as for the study of the welfare implications of tax decisions. This paper uses a panel of individual tax returns for the period 2009–2013 and the phenomenon of “bracket creep” to construct instrumental variable estimates of the sensitivity of income to changes in tax rates. Estimates suggest that the overall elasticity of taxable income is approximately 0.3, while that of broad income is significantly lower. The overall response is primarily driven by the elastic response of taxable income for high‐income earners, who have an elasticity of closer to 0.4. Using the elasticity estimates within an optimal tax framework, it is determined that the optimal marginal tax rate for the top 10% of income earners is broadly in line with the current income tax schedule. However, results also suggest that there is little scope for raising marginal rates on high‐income earners further without inducing a negative revenue response.