IMF Bank-Restructuring Efficiency Outcomes: Evidence from East Asia

We report new findings on bank efficiency in East Asian countries for the pre- and post-IMF restructuring periods. We find that bank efficiency has improved, but only to the pre-IMF intervention level, and that restructured banks are not more efficient than their unrestructured counterparts. Different restructuring measures have different effects. Bank closures are economically justified, but mergers show short-term efficiency losses. Recapitalization and reprivatization of badly performing banks lead to efficiency improvement, but also increase government ownership. Ease of entry that has allowed for more foreign bank participation results in slightly improved performance of badly performing banks.

从国际经济学理论视角看企业竞争优势——兼议国际经济学优势思想的演进

本文通过回顾和分析国际经济学中国际贸易理论和国际直接投资理论优势思想的发展和]进,说明了理论研究可以通过对各种市场结构的细分,把优势分析引入到企业内部,并通过对分工、市场结构与交易费用之间的矛盾关系的深入研究,探讨内生优势与外生优势之间的对立统一关系,而企业竞争优势的培育则是一个建立在企业自身独特能力基础上的、综合利用企业内外部各种比较优势的动态累积发展过程。     

国外人力资源会计研究的学术倾向——基于国际权威会计期刊的数据分析

文章以目前会计界公认的5份顶尖国际学术期刊2000年至2009年所刊载的人力资源会计的53篇文章作为研究对象,对国外人力资源会计学术界的研究现状进行分析,反映进入21世纪以来国外人力资源会计研究的演进特征与变化,进而探讨国外人力资源会计研究的学术倾向.     

A Markov switching analysis of contagion in the EMS

This paper applies the multivariate version of the Forbes and Rigobon (2002) contagion test, as proposed by Dungey et al. (2005a), to detect contagion effects in the Exchange Rate Mechanism (ERM) of the European Monetary System (EMS). Crisis and non-crisis observations are determined endogenously via a Markov-switching vector autoregression (MSVAR). We show that the MSVAR is suitable for this purpose, as it does particularly well in identifying the 11 realignments of the ERM. We examine whether Denmark’s rejection of the Maastricht Treaty and Italy’s competitiveness problems affected other EMS participants and find evidence for contagion.     

中国外汇储备与货币供给量的关系——基于双对数模型

2001年以来,持续的双顺差促使外汇储备量迅速积累,人民币升值压力增大,为了维持人民币汇率的稳定,政府不得不加大货币投放量来回笼外汇市场上过多的外汇。通过建立外汇储备和货币供给量(M1、M2)之间的双对数模型,进行实证分析得出结论:外汇储备的增加确实推动了中国货币供应量的增加,并且外汇储备变动给M1带来的影响大于M2。因此,应适当控制外汇储备规模消除外汇储备超额增长的制度性原因,完善货币政策工具,积极进行金融创新。     

On the cost of delayed currency fixing announcements

In Foreign Exchange Markets vanilla and barrier options are traded frequently. The market standard is a cutoff time of 10:00 a.m. in New York for the strike of vanillas and a knock-out event based on a continuously observed barrier in the inter bank market. However, many clients, particularly from Italy, prefer the cutoff and knock-out event to be based on the fixing published by the European Central Bank on the Reuters Page ECB37. These barrier options are called discretely monitored barrier options. While these options can be priced in several models by various techniques, the ECB source of the fixing causes two problems. First of all, it is not tradable, and secondly it is published with a delay of about 10–20 min. We examine here the effect of these problems on the hedge of those options and consequently suggest a cost based on the additional uncertainty encountered.      

中国外资立法的最新发展和完善

从立法的角度看，中国主要通过三种方式加大吸引外资的力度并逐步加强对外资利用的监管和引导：一是严格遵守入世承诺，扩大外资准入的领域；二是通过对公司法及其配套规章的修订，减少对外商投资企业活动的干涉，增强其活力；三是颁布和完善外资并购的相关立法，为活跃和规范中国并购市场奠定法律基础。     

The patterns of cross-border bank mergers and shareholdings in OECD countries

In recent years there has been a surge in mergers and acquisitions (M&As) in all sectors of economic activity. Cross-border operations have followed this trend, creating global companies operating in all major world markets. In this paper we study the pattern of cross-border M&As in the banking industry relative to the non-financial sector of the economy and investigate which factors make it more likely that a bank will expand its activities abroad. We find that cross-border M&As are rarer in banking than in other sectors, possibly owing to the importance of information asymmetries in banking relationships and to regulatory restrictions. Using data on almost 2500 banks from 29 OECD countries, we also show that the most significant features of banks with foreign equity interests relate to efficiency: banks with cross-border shareholdings are on average larger, more profitable, and based in countries with a more highly developed banking market.     

汇率形成机制与做市商制度:动因、成本分析

人民币汇率形成机制问题成为近年来国际经济事务中的焦点.中国外汇交易中心2005年5月推出8种外汇交易品种以及引入外币间交易做市商制度,这一举措成为观察、试验做市商制度的序曲.本文研究认为,外汇市场引入做市商制度有利于改善人民币汇率形成机制,但是由于我国外汇市场还不完善,引入做市商制度也会带来一定的成本.为了全面推广做市商制度,多方面配套问题尚待解决.