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181.
    
This article analyses the impact of Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) on Middle East and North African Countries (MENA) trade for the period 1994–2010. The analysis distinguishes between industrial and agricultural trade to take into account the different liberalization schedules. An augmented gravity model is estimated using up-to-date panel data techniques to control for all time-invariant bilateral factors that influence bilateral trade as well as for the so-called multilateral resistance factors. We also control for the endogeneity of the agreements and test for self-selection bias due to the presence of zero trade in our sample. The main findings indicate that North–South-FTAs and South–South-FTAs have a differential impact in terms of increasing trade in MENA countries, with the former being more beneficial in terms of exports for MENA countries, but both showing greater global market integration. We also find that FTAs that include agricultural products, in which MENA countries have a clear comparative advantage, have more favourable effects for these countries than those only including industrial products.  相似文献   
182.
Helmut Hofer  Peter Huber 《Empirica》2003,30(2):107-125
This study analyses the effect of trade and migration on wages and labour marketmobility. We estimate wage growth equations and a multinomial logit mobilityequation on an individual data set ranging from 1991 to 1994. We find substantialdifferences in the reactions of white and blue-collar workers wages and mobilityto trade and migration. In Austria exports have a positive and imports a negativeimpact on wage growth only for blue-collar workers. Migrants also reduce onlyblue-collar workers wage growth. Our results indicate that higher imports and aninflow of migrants reduce sectoral mobility of all types workers. The risk of beingout of work by contrast is increased by migration and imports only for blue-collarworkers, but reduced by exports for all types of workers. In general our results suggestenlargement of the EU would have only small effects on the Austrian labour market.  相似文献   
183.
    
The debate about the Prebisch-Singer thesis has focused on primary commodities with some extensions to manufactures. We analyse trends in country terms-of-trade for goods and services rather than those for commodities according to the World Bank income classification. We find that the natural logarithm of the terms of trade for all groups except for the poorest has common unit roots, but none has individual unit roots. As low-income countries have no unit roots over-differencing is inefficient and biases significance levels in first differences against the fall in the terms of trade. For the low-income countries the terms of trade of goods and services are falling at a rate that is significantly negative without and with endogeneity treatment by system GMM. A comprehensive analysis of the effects of time dummies supports the result of falling terms of trade for low-income countries. When all coefficients are country-specific 50% of all low-income countries have falling terms of trade in a simultaneous equation estimation using the SUR method. Food and financial crisis have no effect on the number of countries with falling terms of trade, but (dis-)improve the terms of trade or the significance of the results for a very small number of countries.  相似文献   
184.
江心英 《经济地理》2004,24(4):464-467
国际直接投资地域结构的时空差异性对忽视东道国因素的传统国际投资理论提出了挑战。文章研究了东道国因素对国际生产资本地域运动的影响,提出了国际直接投资是东道国因素与投资主体三优势综合作用的结果,东道国环境、体制、政策系统的状态特征决定了东道国外资特征等观点,并实证研究了中国改革开放进程与外商对华投资规模和结构的内在互动性。  相似文献   
185.
Trade openness is an important determinant of the inflation process. The effect of trade openness on inflation, however, is still an issue of debate at both theoretical and empirical levels. This study tried to provide a contribution to the literature by examining the relationship between inflation and trade openness in Tunisia over the period 1975Q1-2015Q4 using a nonlinear model. The originality of this study stems from the fact that it is the first investigation considering both the Residual-Based Tests for Cointegration in Models with the Regime Shifts and Threshold Regression model. The linear model confirms the existence of a positive relationship between inflation and trade in Tunisia. Yet, considering the nonlinear model, trade openness growth and Consumer Price Index (CPI) inflation growth show a statistically significant negative link as long as the trade openness evolution does not exceed the threshold. Nevertheless, if the trade openness growth is higher than the threshold, integrating the trade positively affects CPI inflation. Furthermore, a positive influence of Money supply growth on this type of inflation was noticed in Tunisia in all the considered regimes proving the effect of monetary factors on inflation level. Consequently, trade openness could be used to control inflation in Tunisia.  相似文献   
186.
以实证为例,通过真实评价目标企业的内在价值,来研究并购交易中目标企业价值估算应所选择的评价方法及其合理性,为并购交易提供合理的投资决策依据。  相似文献   
187.
离差策略是一种对冲交易策略,它是利用股指期权和一揽子股票期权(或部分成分股构成的ETF期权)之间的隐含相关系数,获悉市场成分股期权和股指期权波动率高低的相对关系,再在成分股期权和股指期权建立相反的头寸。离差交易策略选择暴露的风险因子就是隐含相关系数,离差交易使用的是对冲的平价跨式期权交易。选用2006年5月18日至2014年7月17日前复权的沪深300股指、上证50指数和上证180指数作为样本,进行实证检验。虽然结果显著性较强,但不排除存在模型不稳定性以及由于数据不充分造成对相关系数及波动率估计的偏误。同时,离差交易使用的是对冲的平价跨式期权交易,所以组合暴露较小的Delta风险。若离差交易涉及较大的资金量时,则需要用标的资产对组合进行动态Delta中性对冲。  相似文献   
188.
文章引入环境所有权概念,运用新兴古典经济学的超边际分析方法,研究了贸易结构变迁与相应的污染分布和转移,旨在揭示大国污染效应、工业化路径的环境效应、贸易结构变迁的环境所有权因素以及环保政策失效的原因。研究推导出不同国家间环境所有权模糊程度和交易效率变化对贸易结构变迁与污染分布变化的作用机理。研究命题可用于解释现实贸易发展中存在的环境污染现象。  相似文献   
189.
中国银行业的外国直接投资:意义及挑战   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
上世纪90年代,全世界新兴市场国家的银行业出现了外国直接投资迅速增加的现象,这些外国直接投资相应给这些国家的银行体系带来了深远的影响。作为世界银行业全球化发展的组成部分,从2003年开始,中国银行业证明了一个史无前例的新现象—大量的FDI涌入中国银行业,购买股份抢占中国银行业市场。本文试图描述银行FDI在中国的现状,并探索背后的主要原因,包括监管规则的改变、经济的稳健增长、银行业的发展和持续的非金融FDI。银行在公司治理、风险管理、内部控制和人力资源管理等方面出现初步但富有帮助的变化。整个银行体系也发生了变化,包括行业形象得到改善、信用文化得到培养、透明度得到加强、创新得到发展、效率得到提高。然而,对于整个银行体系和经济的有意义的影响目前还没有出现。尽管通过吸引国外有经验的合格战略投资者引进了国际先进的管理惯例,对于中国的银行来说,仍然需要很长时间来全面改革自己的信贷文化和不清晰透明的行为。而且,随着中国的全面开放,前面将会有很多艰巨的挑战,因此,作为一个新兴经济体,一定要有远大视野,全面理解银行业中FDI的长期重要角色,创造外国战略合作伙伴发挥其积极作用的必要条件,督促其提供服务的步骤,以及中国银行系统在全球银行价值链中的正确地位。  相似文献   
190.
    
This paper uses The Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia survey to estimate a structural probit model of the determinants of individual union membership. The paper finds that union membership responds positively to the wage differential between union and non‐union workers. Consistent with other Australian and overseas research, we find that job rather than individual characteristics are the most important determinants of the probability of union membership. We contrast our research with previous Australian research from the 1980s when unionism was compulsory for many workers. We find significant similarity between the major drivers of individual union membership.  相似文献   
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