论加入WTO后过渡期我国服务贸易法律体系的构建

构建我国可持续发展的服务贸易法律体系是我国加入WTO后立法工作的一项重要的内容。本文通过分析我国服务贸易法律存在的缺陷,以及加入WTO后过渡期我国有关服务贸易法律必须与《服务贸易总协定》(GATS)规范接轨的要求后,提出了如何来构建和完善我国服务贸易法律框架的可持续发展的具体原则路径。     

美国禁止通过互联网提供赌博服务的贸易争端评述

安提瓜诉美国“赌博案”是世贸组织争端解决机制新近审理结案的一个涉及以互联网方式跨境提供服务的典型案例。文章介绍了这一案件的背景,论述了本案所涉及的实体法律问题,简要分析了本案所带来的启示并预测了其前景。本案的审理及其结果,展现了国际服务贸易中的市场准入规则的重要影响,更凸现了服务贸易的市场开放和国内社会安全之间的潜在矛盾。同时,也将对世贸组织体制内的电子商务、自由贸易与公共道德之关系等问题的走向产生重要影响。     

机载相控阵雷达信号模拟器的设计

2002年出版的《国际服务贸易统计手册》,完成了从关于服务贸易统计的法律性定义到可操作的统计制度的转换工作,本文主要阐述这一转换过程中基本理念和思路的突破和几个关键问题的解决。     

International Trade and Health Policy: Implications of the GATS for US Healthcare Reform

This paper examines the implications of the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS), the World Trade Organization’s agreement governing trade in health-related services, for health policy and healthcare reform in the United States. The paper describes the nature and scope of US obligations under the GATS, the ways in which the trade agreement intersects with domestic health policy, and the institutional factors that mediate trade-offs between health and trade policy. The analysis suggests that the GATS provisions on market access, national treatment and domestic regulation, which are designed to eliminate ‘regulatory barriers’ to global trade in health services, limit the range of options that state and federal regulators and legislative bodies can employ to regulate the health sector and implement healthcare reforms. As such, the paper identifies the broader social and ethical implications of free trade policy.     

电子商务对WTO法律规则的挑战和对策

电子商务的应用对法律的各项规则都产生了不同程度的影响.本文从WTO对电子商务的规制,电子服务的模式选择和电子商务的关税三个方面来剖析电子商务给WTO法律体系带来的问题,并提出相应对策.     

论加入WTO对我国对外工程承包业的影响

我国作为WTO的未来成员国,按照《服务贸易总协定》的标准逐步开放服务业是一种大趋势.这一发展趋势将给我国的对外工程承包行业带来一系列重大的影响.本文着重阐述我国加入WTO后,对外工程承包行业将面临的各种影响.     

Trade in tourism services: Explaining tourism trade and the impact of the general agreement on trade in services on the gains from trade

The article addresses two questions related with tourism as a service trade. Can tourism be explained as other export activities? Does service liberalisation have a positive or negative impact on tourism receipts in destination countries? Previous research has either focused on the demand side factors (i.e. factors of demand in the origin countries) or on tourism as a long-run factor of economic growth. The research shows that a complementary perspective such as that offered by trade in a supply side perspective can render additional insights towards understanding tourism. This approach can explain why countries have absolute and comparative advantage. Another finding is that tourism as an export can be explained by some of the same destination factors that explain other service exports. Using different panel estimators the importance of supply side factors that are to some extent exclusive to tourism are demonstrated: the general price competitiveness of the destination, tourism infrastructure and the provision of safety. The econometric models also confirm the relevance of other conventional explanatory factors of trade in services such as GDP per capita and internet usage. The last part of the article analyses the welfare gains from trade under the general agreement on trade in services (GATS). The revenue (tourism receipt) effect is decomposed into a volume (arrival) and price effect. Results suggest that liberalisers under the GATS gained especially from a volume effect with average higher growth rates in the number of arrivals. There is also found to be a positive effect on the average income earned per tourist from being a liberaliser.     

GATS与高等教育

在GATS框架下,高等教育服务贸易发展呈现出进一步扩大和自由化的趋势,对高等教育服务贸易的承诺在诸多方面影响着我国高等教育的发展。目前,我国高等教育出现了明显的商业化倾向,而且《服务贸易总协定》也把跨境交付、境外消费、商业存在、自然人流动等高等教育服务方式涵盖在其中。为了应对加入WTO后给我国高等教育带来的冲击,我国应该重视网络高等教育的发展,增加优质的高等教育资源供给,缓解高等教育投资供给和需求的矛盾,扩大中外合作办学的规模,并关注发展中国家与发达国家的学历相互认可和学历标准化问题,以提高我国高校的国际地位,扩大国际生源。     

《服务贸易总协定》框架内我国服务贸易发展的思路

作为<服务贸易总协定>(即GATS)的缔约国和WTO的成员国,我国将根据GATS的规则参与国际服务贸易.而作为是一个发展中国家,我国服务业在种类、规模、数量、构成及竞争力方面都与发达国家有着很大的差距;发展服务贸易除了要制定适度保护和积极引进政策,还应该加快产业结构调整与优化,加快服务立法,建立和完善服务贸易管理体制.     

电子商务对WTO法律规则的挑战和对策

作为一种全新的商业运作模式,电子商务对WTO法提出了新的挑战：WTO对电子商务的规制问题,电子商务的服务模式选择问题,电子商务的零关税问题。面对这些问题,WTO成员积极地进行研究并提出相应建议,以致尽快达成共识。