Patent indicators for monitoring convergence - examples from NFF and ICT

The blurring of boundaries between hitherto distinct scientific disciplines, technologies or markets is a common and powerful phenomenon. Concentrating on monitoring convergence through patent indicators, we discuss convergence with examples from the area of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods (NFF)/Cosmeceuticals as well as information technologies, consumer electronics, and telecommunications (ICT). We analyze 7455 scientific and patent references on phytosterols with the aid of SciFinder Scholar and 3836 documents employing STN AnaVist. Furthermore, we test an IPC co-classification based approach on 859,469 ICT-related and 341,846 NFF-related patents. Our results show clear indications for convergence and a proof of principle for our monitoring concept. Academics may better evaluate environmental parameters, like cases of convergence, influencing companies' actions. Implications for practitioners are based on a more reliable assessment prior to the forming of strategic alliances or mergers and acquisitions. This could help avoid costly adventures such as the mergers and acquisitions seen in ICT.     

共性技术下异质企业对学研方合作行为的演化博弈仿真分析

共性技术因其在技术创新链条中的基础性地位和对相关产业集群创新的巨大拉动效应,受到各国政府的广泛重视,而产业共性技术创新必须依靠政府指导下、不同产业共同参与的“产学研”合作模式,运用两群体模仿者动态微分方程,分析了在不同情景下分别来自新兴产业和成熟产业的两类异质企业间与学研机构合作研发共性技术的演化博弈过程和稳定策略,并运用数值模拟对理论命题逐一进行仿真验证,最后得出结论与启示。     

知识基础调节下合作网络对绿色技术创新的影响

绿色技术创新是绿色发展的重要动力,使用1985—2017年中国绿色技术专利数据,基于创新组织微观视角,运用负二项回归分析方法探究中心度、结构洞与聚集性3类合作网络特征对绿色技术创新的直接影响,以及知识广度、知识深度与知识融合性3类知识基础特征在上述影响中的调节作用。结果表明：①中心度与结构洞对绿色技术创新具有正向影响,聚集性对其具有负向影响;②知识广度削弱了中心度与结构洞的正向影响,同时削弱了聚集性的负向影响;知识深度强化了中心度与结构洞的正向影响,削弱了聚集性的负向影响;知识融合性在合作网络特征对不同类型绿色技术专利申请数的影响中具有不同的调节机制。最后,基于合作网络特征与知识基础特征优化视角,为我国企业、高校及科研院所等创新组织进行绿色技术创新提出相关政策建议。     

在位企业非连续性技术变革的技术代际桥研究

非连续性技术变革给在位企业带来巨大挑战,要求在位企业克服新技术研发困难和自身潜在惰性进行积极响应,在与新进入企业市场竞争中获取持续竞争优势,化解熊彼特提出的破坏性创新威胁。整合社会网络理论、知识管理理论及创新管理理论,以65家汽车综合型整车在位制造企业为样本,通过搭建发明家桥、合作研发桥、混合技术桥等3个维度的技术代际桥,探讨在位企业如何在维持两代技术阶段性平衡的前提下提高新技术创新绩效。结果发现：发明家桥与企业新技术创新绩效呈倒U型关系;合作研发桥和混合技术桥对企业新技术创新绩效具有显著促进作用;旧技术创新绩效负向调节发明家桥与新技术创新绩效的倒U型关系。研究旨在为在位企业应对非连续性技术变革,提高新技术创新绩效提供相应的对策建议。     

Technology assessment: Impact of high-tech engineering research on energy consumption

A technology assessment (TA) program was launched in Switzerland in 1991. One project in the series of pilot projects was meant to assess the impact of so-called LESIT technologies on energy consumption. (LESIT was a priority research program and a German acronym for power electronics, systems and information technology.) In this paper the institutional environment, applied methods and main results of the TA study are summarised. One of the questions that arose was whether it is reasonable to expect a high-tech engineering research program to serve any societal goals other than the more immediate technical and economic goals the research partners in university and industry are accustomed to follow. It was found that without special efforts this expectation was not realistic. Politically desirable goals are best served when enough emphasis, time, and money are given to the process of bringing together research partners from academia and industry who all have a (self-serving) interest in furthering the politically desirable goal and then support their collaboration.     

技术创新与战略性新兴产业的耦合效应

区域技术创新与战略性新兴产业协调发展对促进区域知识经济增长具有重要的战略意义。文章基于我国31个省际截面数据,对技术创新与战略性新兴产业发展的耦合关系进行了分析,报告了两者之间协同发展的重要性,通过采用耦合协调度评价方法,进行了相关统计调查,反映了我国各省市技术创新与战略性新兴产业协同发展程度普遍偏低的问题,取得东部地区与中、西部耦合协调度差距较为明显,大部分地区战略性新兴产业发展滞后于技术创新水平的研究成果,给出了加强关键核心技术和前沿技术的开发、通过区域相互交流,促进技术转移和扩散,形成战略性新兴产业集聚区以及在不断健全财税金融政策支持体系下,政府应加大对中西部地区的扶持力度和适当引导等相关建议。     

The role of accelerators in firm survival: An fsQCA analysis of Italian startups

Accelerators are a recent yet rapidly growing phenomenon within entrepreneurial ecosystems. The distinctive characteristics exhibited by accelerators, relative to previous incubation models, imply that accelerators may play a different role and have a different impact on the survival rates of participating firms. In this study, we explore the relationship between participation in an accelerator program and firm survival using fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) with key variables related to firm survival. We analyze 38 accelerated startups from five Italian accelerators and a control group of 38 non-accelerated Italian startups. Our findings support the business accelerator literature that regards accelerators as a new and distinct generation of business incubators. Our results suggest that participation in accelerator programs on its own does not influence firm survival. However, we found a relationship between firm survival and accelerated technology-based firms that do not export and between firm survival and accelerated firms in the service sector with a small team that do not export. We conclude that factors affecting the survival of accelerated firms are different from factors affecting the survival of incubated firms, providing further evidence of the characteristics that distinguish accelerators from incubators.     

技术创新乘数效应的运行机理与政策启示

技术创新是经济增长的主要源泉,但技术创新乘数效应则是一个有待拓展的重要理论命题。技术创新通过扩散产生引致经济增长的乘数效应。技术创新扩散是技术创新通过一定的渠道在潜在使用者之间的传播、采用的过程。考察技术创新乘数效应的内在运行机理可以发现,技术创新乘数效应是通过规模经济、范围经济、联结经济和速度经济等形态生成的,并与福特制、丰田制和温特制等组织载体相耦合。研究技术创新乘数效应,有助于揭示当前我国技术创新过程中的成效与不足,为进一步提高我国技术创新效率提供有效的理论借鉴。当前,中国已成长为开放型经济大国,在遵循技术创新内在运行规律的同时,应主动发挥大国经济优势和后发优势,通过多种路径为充分发挥技术创新乘数效应创造条件。     

价值链视角下科技人才分布对区域创新系统效率的影响

科技人才作为科技创新的主体,是区域创新系统的重要投入,其省际分布状况潜在影响着各区域创新效率。基于2009-2016年我国内地30个省级区域科技人才与研发面板数据,在创新价值链分解的基础上,分别考察科技人才数量与结构维度对区域创新系统三阶段效率的影响。结果发现：在数量维度下,科技人才分布规模对区域知识创新效率、专利创新效率有非线性倒U型影响,先后从人才聚集规模经济效应转向不经济效应;整体集中度提高即全国科技人才分布相对集中有助于提升各地区专利创新与产品创新效率;在结构维度下,科技人才队伍中女性与博士研发人员越来越高的比重对知识创新效率表现为负向影响作用。最后,结合新旧动能转换背景,提出积极发挥人才集聚正向效应的建议。inno[]rlzb[]rlzb[]czpz[]czpz[]cyjg[]cyjg[]dwkf[]dwkf〖BHDG1*3,WK7*3ZQ,WK6。9DWW〗     

创新型园区评价指标体系构建及对策研究

建立一套科学的评价指标体系,可以准确把握创新型园区创建的进程、发现存在的问题并及时提供对策和建议。文章概述了国内外创新型园区评价指标体系研究现状,依据科技部提出的《创新型园区建设指南》建立了包括创新体系、创新要素聚集、创新效益、创新效率、园区总量指标在内的5个方面35个创新型园区的评价指标,并确定了各个指标的权重。文章最后建议,为推进创新型园区建设应该加强三方面工作即：吸引科学领军型人才加速园区创新实践有重大突破、激发园区创新活力、建立跨区域知识创新平台加速知识共享和知识资本增值。