中国钢铁行业能源内部的替代弹性分析

本文运用中国钢铁行业滞后一期的产出代替劳动和资本变量,把钢铁行业能源投入要素分解为煤炭、石油、天然气和电力的投入,建立了一个超越对数生产函数模型,用岭回归估算了中国钢铁行业各能源品种投入要素的产出弹性、替代弹性。结果表明:煤炭与石油、煤炭与天然气、煤炭与电力的替代弹性在1左右,中国钢铁行业可通过用石油、天然气、电力替代煤炭来实现其行业全要素能源效率的提高。     

高校工会组织参与教育职能建设探析

校工会组织参与教育职能建设是党和国家赋予高校工会组织的一项基本职能,有利于社会文明建设、有利于构建和谐校园、有利于工会组织自身发展。同时,高校工会组织参与教育职能建设具有自身的优势。此外,还应加强高校工会组织的教育方式、教育内容、及明确高校工会组织的教育目标等。     

浅谈翻译中的对等问题

随着翻译研究的不断深入,自从二十世纪五十年代以来,“翻译对等”已经成为现代翻译研究中的一个核心问题。“对等”也成了译者们追求的目标。为了阐述翻译对等的实现,运用实例,从形式对等、功能对等、风格对等几个方面阐述了实现对等的途径。指出对等是相对的,是效果的对等,翻译的标准是使译文读者获得与原文读者大致相同的感受。     

Long-run matching relationship in the Japanese labor market

This paper investigates the long-run relationship among new hiring, unemployment (job seekers), and unfilled vacancies in Japan, using an annual panel data on 47 prefectures for 1972-1999. We find that these three variables are I(1) processes, and are cointegrated in our panel data. Further, we estimate the panel cointegration equation derived from a Cobb-Douglas matching function by the heterogeneous fully modified OLS and heterogeneous dynamic OLS. The estimation results reveal that conventional within estimates could have non-negligible biases.First version received: November 2002/Final version received: October 2003All correspondence to Shigeki Kano. The authors are grateful to the associate editor and two anonymous referees of this journal for helpful comments. Doctor Stephen J. Turnbull (University of Tsukuba) is also acknowledged for correcting English errors in this paper. Remaining errors are due to the authors. The data set and GAUSS programming code used in this paperare available upon request.     

Generating Enhanced Fishery Rents by Internalizing Product Quality Characteristics

This paper demonstrates howadditional rents are generated in a fisherycharacterized by intraseasonal variation infish characteristics, including size,condition, and composition. Based on anexpanded conceptual model of the optimalharvest rule, fish characteristics affect preand post harvest production yields and outputprices. A dynamic empirical model, which uses asystem of quality characteristics and anhedonic equation, illustrates the complexrelationships and management choices associatedwith internalizing seafood qualitycharacteristics in a hake fishery. The modelretains the regulated open access managementsystem, but controls intertemporal andintersectoral quotas, production portfolios,and total allowable catch. Results demonstratethat including revenue-side effects frominternalizing fish quality can generatesignificantly greater rents and reduce therelative benefits of increased productionyields. If excluded, bioeconomic models canunderestimate the level of regulatory rentdissipation and overemphasize managementobjectives such as full utilization, whichcould misdirect processing decisions and resultin a suboptimal resource management plan.Implications for data collection,multidisciplinary analysis, and improvements inmarine resource management are discussed.     

The Role of Water in Manufacturing

Water's role in manufacturing technologies has received limited attention. A KLEM model of the sector's technology is extended to include two facets of water use: intake and recirculation. Three annual cross-sectional surveys on plant-level water use are pooled and combined with census data to estimate this extended model for the Canadian manufacturing sector over the period 1981–1991. While Canada's water allocation regulations influence private water withdrawals, statistical tests support representing water intake as a variable input. Water intake is found to be a substitute for water recirculation, energy, labour and capital. The relationship between water intake and recirculation is stronger when water intake is process-related rather than related to cooling and steam production. Technological change has been biased in the direction of increased water intake and decreased water recirculation.     

金融衍生品创新的内涵和产出函数模型

金融衍生品创新是上世纪九十年代以来国际金融领域最大的革命.本文通过对金融衍生品创新与金融创新的对比分析,从全新的视角对金融衍生品创新的生产函数重新进行考察,建立了生产函数模型,在此基础上对如何发展我国的金融衍生品创新提出了自己的建议.     

新古典生产函数的质疑与货币量值的生产函数

新古典理论以生产函数和效用函数为基础,建立了技术关系的稀缺资源有效配置理论,其核心是表明商品和要素稀缺性的相对价格.生产函数在微观尚可应用,但并不能用于解释总量经济和经济增长与波动问题.尤其是总供给完全取决于实物生产函数的投入产出关系,这与总需求分析所采用的货币支出是不协调的.货币量值的生产函数的推导表明,总供给只是企业的货币成本函数而不联系到技术上的投入产出关系,而所有的国民收入核算中的货币量值都只是表明人们经济关系的名义变量而与实物的技术关系或生产函数是完全无关的.     

基于污染损失率的连云港水环境污染功能价值损失研究

水体污染是当前环境污染一个重要方面,有效评价水污染的价值损失是水环境规划、制定水环境对策与政策的基础。文章基于污染损失率法估算连云港水环境的功能价值损失,得出1996—2000年连云港的水环境污染功能价值损失年均高达11.8亿元,占GDP的比重年均为4.55%。表明连云港水环境污染损失较大,其经济发展在一定程度上是以水环境污染为代价的;目前以GDP为主要衡量指标的国民经济核算体系可能过高地估计了连云港的经济增长水平。     

商品价值创造中的三种劳动及作用

商品价值创造中的三种劳动是耗费劳动、传导劳动和凝结劳动。耗费劳动是正在进行的劳动，它是价值的源泉，本身并不是价值；传导劳动表现为劳动资料，劳动资料在本期劳动过程中起着把活劳动传导到劳动对象中去的作用；凝结劳动是凝结在劳动对象中的人类一般劳动，即价值实体。劳动对象是耗费劳动是吸收器。耗费劳动与凝结劳动既不同质也不同量，耗费劳动能否成为凝结劳动或在多大量上成为凝结劳动取决于传导劳动的效能和劳动对象对耗费劳动的吸收程度。