全文获取类型
收费全文 | 22735篇 |
免费 | 867篇 |
国内免费 | 415篇 |
专业分类
财政金融 | 2260篇 |
工业经济 | 1103篇 |
计划管理 | 5217篇 |
经济学 | 4528篇 |
综合类 | 2388篇 |
运输经济 | 334篇 |
旅游经济 | 529篇 |
贸易经济 | 2968篇 |
农业经济 | 2063篇 |
经济概况 | 2627篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 138篇 |
2023年 | 504篇 |
2022年 | 498篇 |
2021年 | 740篇 |
2020年 | 955篇 |
2019年 | 707篇 |
2018年 | 631篇 |
2017年 | 843篇 |
2016年 | 821篇 |
2015年 | 781篇 |
2014年 | 1603篇 |
2013年 | 2022篇 |
2012年 | 1764篇 |
2011年 | 2061篇 |
2010年 | 1493篇 |
2009年 | 1411篇 |
2008年 | 1490篇 |
2007年 | 1334篇 |
2006年 | 1145篇 |
2005年 | 880篇 |
2004年 | 587篇 |
2003年 | 399篇 |
2002年 | 268篇 |
2001年 | 211篇 |
2000年 | 172篇 |
1999年 | 116篇 |
1998年 | 87篇 |
1997年 | 66篇 |
1996年 | 58篇 |
1995年 | 39篇 |
1994年 | 44篇 |
1993年 | 24篇 |
1992年 | 35篇 |
1991年 | 19篇 |
1990年 | 5篇 |
1989年 | 7篇 |
1988年 | 8篇 |
1987年 | 4篇 |
1986年 | 9篇 |
1985年 | 17篇 |
1984年 | 12篇 |
1983年 | 4篇 |
1982年 | 2篇 |
1981年 | 2篇 |
1979年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
151.
Bertschek and Lechner (1998) propose several variants of a GMM estimator based on the period specific regression functions for the panel probit model. The analysis is motivated by the complexity of maximum likelihood estimation and the possibly excessive amount of time involved in maximum simulated likelihood estimation. But, for applications of the size considered in their study, full likelihood estimation is actually straightforward, and resort to GMM estimation for convenience is unnecessary. In this note, we reconsider maximum likelihood based estimation of their panel probit model then examine some extensions which can exploit the heterogeneity contained in their panel data set. Empirical results are obtained using the data set employed in the earlier study.
Helpful comments and suggestions by Irene Bertschek and Michael Lechner are gratefully acknowledged. This paper has also benefited from comments by two anonymous referees and from seminar participants at the Center for Health Economics at the University of York. Any remaining errors are the responsibility of the author. 相似文献
152.
Henry van Egteren 《Environmental and Resource Economics》2002,21(2):107-133
Global warming is currently an important item on most nationalenvironmental agendas. In many countries, coal-fired electricity generatingstations represent an important source of greenhouse gases. We examinehow regulations to curb emissions affect public utility pricing regulationwhen regulators act non-cooperatively. We show that, when there is limitedinformation on fixed abatement costs, an environmental regulator prefersan emission tax over an output tax or a lump sum environmental tax. Thepublic utility regulator prefers the lump sum tax regime. 相似文献
153.
Joseph C. Cooper 《Environmental and Resource Economics》1993,3(6):563-579
This paper presents a dynamic model that determines the optimal number of deer hunting permit sales, subject to the objective of maximizing the discounted economic benefits stream from both the consumptive and nonconsumptive uses of deer. This bioeconomic model integrates economic benefits estimated using the dichotomous choice contingent valuation method with biological growth constraints on deer. Using a hunting zone in California as a case study, the model found that the optimal levels of buck hunting permits sold should change on a rotational basis over time and that the current practice of not selling doe hunting permits for that zone is non optimal. 相似文献
154.
The paper attempts to identify the telecom-sector performance indicators, relevant economic variables, and institutional characteristics
of a country that effect the process of privatization of state-owned telecom enterprises. Using standard duration analysis
of a panel data, we demonstrate that the privatization incentives are not only shaped by the mobility of financial capital
in a country but are also influenced by the degree of competitiveness of private sector participation in policy-making process.
The empirical results also reveal the significant impact of productive efficiency in telecom service provision on its course
to privatization.
We thank an anonymous referee for helpful comments and suggestions. We are solely responsible for all mistakes. 相似文献
155.
临夏模式:形成、发展与转型 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
依赖于商贸经济和以皮毛加工为主导产业的临夏模式,未能使临夏实现经济起飞的原因是区际贸易的低水平均衡陷阱把其经济发展限制在了一个狭小的范围。因此,如何通过市场规模的扩展形成需求效应,是临夏这种欠发达民族开放地区实现区域工业化的基本途径。 相似文献
156.
Studying a principal-agent game in which the agent alone observes the state of the world and reports it, but the moral hazard is not reducible, shows that, if the principal uses all signals, then no solution exists, i.e. there is no contract that elicits truth-telling and motivates the agent to exert effort. When the principal does not use signals on the state of the world that seem irrelevant, a solution exists in which some of the ex post signals on outcome are not used, even though they obey the informativeness condition of Holmstrom (Bell Journal of Economics, 1979, 10, 74–91). 相似文献
157.
The evidence presented in the paper rejects the twin deficit hypothesis for the Austrian current account balance during the
last two decades. The results are based on an estimate of a vector error correction model including quarterly data for the
current account balance and potentially relevant variables driving its dynamics. We compute the variance decomposition of
the current account's forecast error and its generalized impulse responses to shocks in the innovations of the system. The
results in favor of intertemporal expenditure reallocation cannot be reproduced within a second analysis including the current
account and a measure of net output, however. The estimated implicit current account balance, interpreted as the discounted
expected change in future net output, does not follow the actual behaviour of the current account.
First version received: June 1999/Final version received: March 2001 相似文献
158.
循环经济认知误区的实证分析 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3
王文中 《生态经济(学术版)》2006,(4):94-98
随着传统经济增长模式危机的出现,世界各国纷纷提出并开始建立循环经济。循环经济作为一种崭新的社会经济发展模式,人们对其认识还存在种种误区,其中认为循环经济是一种最终实现“全新的封闭式的零排放的资源利用方式”、“可解决一切环境问题”的观点最为典型。那么,是否真的存在完美的全社会物质循环呢?实现这种循环的代价是什么?本文以物质循环为基本假设条件,应用扩张环境分析用投入产出模型对社会实现全循环的可能性进行了理论探讨.并以日本为例应用该模型对日本物质循环现状和在现有条件下实现全循环的可能性及其成本进行了实证分析,论证了在现有条件下实现全社会完美的物质循环的难点。 相似文献
159.
财政透明化背景下的政府治理变革 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
财政透明度是民主社会中更为广泛的公众知情权和政府信息披露制度的重要组成部分。中国财政透明度同发达国家相比存在很大的差距,甚至落后于许多发展中国家。本文通过对财政透明度的基础理论分析,认为财政透明化作为政府治理变革的核心,对于政府治理效率的提高有积极性影响。为了适应经济全球化发展趋势,在更多领域内参与国际竞争与合作,就必须规范政府行为,实现政府治理再造, 相似文献
160.
In this paper empirical evidence is presented on theelasticity of private R & D spending on its price. Acensored panel-data regression model with random effectsis applied to a balanced panel of 726 Italian firms overthe 1992–1997 period. Implied estimates point out thatItalian firms' response to policy measures (including taxcredits), aimed at reducing the user cost of R & D capital,is likely to be substantial (1.50–1.77). Furthermore, wealso find that the elasticity of R & D spending is higherin recession (2.01) than in expansion (0.87). 相似文献