Resistance to technology adoption: The rise and decline of guilds

This paper analyzes the decision of a group of specialized workers to form a guild and block the adoption of a new technology that does not require their specialized input. The theory predicts an inverted-U relation between guilds and market size: for small markets, firm profits are insufficient to cover the fixed cost of adopting the new technology, and hence, specialized workers have no reason to form guilds; for intermediate sized markets, firm profits are large enough to cover the higher fixed costs, but not large enough to defeat workers' resistance, and so workers form guilds and block adoption; and for large markets, these profits are sufficiently large to overcome worker resistance and so guilds disband and the more productive technology diffuses throughout the economy. We show that this inverted-U relation between guilds and market size predicted by our theory exists in a dataset of Italian guilds from the 14th to the 19th century.     

上海市生物医药产业技术创新平台运行绩效的影响因素实证研究

针对产业技术创新平台的功能定位将产业创新平台运行绩效分解为服务绩效和网络绩效，提出产业技术创新平台运行绩效影响因素的概念模型，以上海市生物医药产业为样本开展的实证研究发现：平台的资源条件、开放程度、信任水平、契约治理的规范性以及政策环境的完善程度对产业创新平台运行绩效具有正向作用；平台资源条件和开放程度对平台运行绩效的影响关系显著性地受到契约治理的调节作用。     

承接产业转移对湖北产业结构的影响

近年来,湖北承接国内外产业转移的规模逐步扩大。产业承接已经成为提升湖北综合经济实力和推动结构优化升级的有效途径。产业承接对湖北产业结构优化发挥着资本创造、技术进步和产业聚集的正面效应,同时又在一定程度上加剧了三次产业的结构性失衡,具有不可忽视的负面效应。湖北应将产业承接和结构优化结合起来,加强产业引导、积极培育产业集群、加大政策支持、完善环境监管、强化企业创新,加快产业结构优化升级步伐。     

浅析日本旅游经济

旅游业是一个高增值、高就业、高创汇和高效益的新兴产业,旅游经济在各国国民经济中占有越来越重要的地位。许多国家不仅积极推进旅游经济的产业化进程,而且把旅游业作为拉动经济发展的重点产业来积极扶持。日本的现代旅游业起步较早,处于世界前列。研究日本现代旅游业的发展,总结其中的经验与教训,这对我国起步不久的现代旅游业发展具有非常重要的借鉴意义。     

Industrial leadership in science-based industries: A co-evolution model

In this paper, we seek to analyse the role of national university systems in combination with technological and market factors as sources of industrial leadership and industry growth in science-based industries. We propose a model in which national university systems and their respective national firms and industries are considered as co-evolving. National firms compete on a worldwide level and they rely on the progress of science and the availability of scientists to innovate. As the global industry develops, firms try to mold their national university systems, but they achieve different degrees of success. Apart from highlighting the role of institutional responsiveness as a source of competitive advantage, our model points to the access to essential inputs for production, the technological and strategic characteristics of firms, the international diffusion of knowledge, and the initial distribution of market demand as key sources of leadership and industry growth. The international mobility of scientists seems to foster the emergence of industrial leadership shifts.     

转型期民航产业组织分析框架创新——中国民航业的经验检验

本文针对产业组织理论(SCP框架)在转型期民航产业组织研究中存在的局限性,在比较分析民航产业组织演变的国际经验基础上,提出了转型期民航产业组织的RPSCP框架,取得了理论分析和实证检验的一致性结论,证明了在转型期民航产业组织研究中RPSCP框架比SCP框架更具解释力.在此基础上,提出了中国民航产业组织优化的政策建议.     

The 1997–1998 break in industrial statistics: Facts and appraisal

In 1998, the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) in the published industrial statistics modified the scope of enterprises covered and the enterprise classification system. This paper highlights the modifications and identifies two implications. First, the use of a proportional allocation rule in data aggregation boosts the size of “public ownership,” an important cornerstone of socialism. Second, the switch from compiling detailed statistics on enterprises identified by an administrative criterion to enterprises that exceed a fixed volume of sales revenue poses new difficulties for comparative data analysis but also represents a change in statistical practice that may yet lead to data of better quality.     

专业化结构、产业群与工业园区建设

工业园区是政府合理布局工业的一种方式,其主要目的是为了促进工业企业的集聚。工业园区建设是各国政府推进工业化与城市化的一种重要手段,它早已存在于各国的经济发展过程。但作为一种世界性的浪潮则与20世纪80年代硅谷等高新技术产业集聚区(最初称科学工业园区)的成功有着密切的关系。现今的工业园区建设已成为各国(或地区)政府发挥比较优势,提升产业国际竞争力的一项重要内容。我国工业园区建设的热潮始于20世纪90年代,目前已成为各地推进工业化与城市化的重要措施。本文在廊坊经济技术开发区成立协调之际从区域产业结构演变与比较优势发挥的角度,就工业园区建设提出若干想法,为工业园区发展提供借鉴。     

东莞新经济形势下的产业升级分析

东莞得改革开放之便利,迅速成长为全球制造业基地,但近年来国内外经济形势发生了极大的变动,东莞原有的粗放发展模式受到挑战,迫切需要进行产业的升级换代。本文首先阐述了东莞面临的新的国内外经济形势,其次分析了东莞进行产业升级的可行性,最后探讨了在新的经济形势下东莞进行产业升级的对策。     

An empirical study of income growth and manufacturing industry pollution in New England, 1980-1990

This paper is an empirical examination of how a community's income growth is affected by polluting manufacturing activity. The hypothesis I test is that this activity has two conflicting effects: first, industrial investment encourages economic growth through the creation of employment and other positive economic spillover effects and, second, the associated pollution causes out-migration of residents. I hypothesize that a community that is initially relatively wealthy will experience relatively more out-migration of its higher income residents, who are assumed to have a lower tolerance for pollution. Thus, such communities will grow less in response to such investment compared to its poorer neighbors. Therefore, in my econometric model the marginal effect of pollution on income growth is allowed to vary with initial incomes. I use a unique data set that incorporates Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) and census tract-level data for New England for the years 1980 and 1990. The estimated effect of pollution on growth is negative, on average, and is more negative in initial incomes. In an effort to measure the out-migration effects of pollution, I use a separate measure of toxic pollution. I find that, holding constant total pollution, ‘toxic’ pollution has a more negative effect on growth for wealthier communities. These results are consistent with the above hypotheses.