技术型企业过往绩效对团队创新行为的影响：关系冲突的中介效应

基于IMOI模型,引入具备动态特征的“过往绩效”概念,利用长三角地区101个项目导向型研发团队问卷数据,依据社会信息处理理论和归因理论探讨过往绩效对团队创新行为的影响效果与内在机制。结果发现,过往绩效与团队创新行为显著正相关,关系冲突在过往绩效影响创新行为路径中起部分中介作用,并且关系冲突的中介机制在中国“人情”文化背景下能得到更好的解释;进一步,团队内部的恶意归因倾向在这一过程中发挥着调节作用。研究结果有助于从新视角探索技术型团队创新行为诱发机制,对双创背景下技术型企业创新管理实践具有一定参考意义。     

Firm size and debt maturity as indirect determinants of capital structure: evidence form European panel data

The study aims at verifying whether the firm size and debt maturity affect the relationship between capital structure and its main determinants. Using panel data models, the impact of the primary factors on leverage is compared across three size groups of firms and for different measures of debt in order to identify the size effect and the debt maturity effect in these relationships. The study covers 11 EU countries during the period 2000–2013. Findings provide evidence that financing choices of small firms provide more support for the pecking-order theory, whereas medium and large-sized firms tend to follow the trade-off predictions on leverage. It also appears that the trade-off theory is more applicable for short-term debt, while pecking order – for long-term debt.     

Understanding the size and profitability of firms: The role of a biological factor

In a large sample of entrepreneurs, 2D:4D (second-to-fourth digit) ratio and managerial performance are studied. Entrepreneurs with lower ratio manage larger firms, manage larger firms when acquire control and experience faster average growth. Firms run by high prenatal testosterone entrepreneurs have lower profitability as measured by return on assets and return on sales. Prenatal testosterone is correlated with elicited measures of entrepreneurial skills, like work effort and optimism and the latter are correlated with firm size. This evidence suggests entrepreneurial ability has a biological component and is consistent with models of the size distribution of firms based on entrepreneurial ability.     

创始人技术知识资产、两职合一与创新绩效

以2012—2015年中关村新三板挂牌的180个科技型中小企业为样本,以创始人技术知识资产为切入视角,以创始人持股比例为作用路径,采用中介效应回归法,分析创始人两职合一的原因,并进一步使用倾向匹配得分法（PSM）研究创始人两职合一对创新绩效的影响。结果发现：①创始人技术知识资产与创始人两职合一的比例显著正相关;②创始人技术知识资产通过创始人持股比例的部分中介效应能够促进创始人两职合一;③创始人两职合一可以显著提升企业创新绩效。分析拥有技术知识资产的创始人提高公司创新绩效的内部机理,并证实了两职合一的创始人能够更好地推动技术创新,为科技型中小企业优化公司治理结构和提高创新水平提供了新思路。     

基于技术学习的区域创新网络升级研究:以浙江台州为例

技术学习是影响区域创新网络升级的核心因素,外向型和内向型技术学习是其两种典型模式。通过对浙江台州146家集群企业的问卷调查发现:区域创新网络中的技术学习活动非常活跃,非正式技术学习活动居于主导地位,龙头企业在技术学习中扮演着关键角色。从完善内部网络和开拓外部联系两个角度,提出了进一步推动产业集群创新网络升级,提升集群企业技术创新能力的对策建议。     

NVC龙企功能升级模式演进及机理纵向案例研究——技术自主性视角

国内龙头企业核心技术自主可控成为制约NVC（国内价值链）功能升级的关键问题。通过文献归纳,以能力自主与产权自主解构技术自主性内涵,并根据产品平台与技术轨道双维度划分NVC龙企功能升级模式。基于“能力—战略—行为—绩效（RSCP）”分析框架,选取华为海思公司作为纵向案例研究对象,探索技术自主性视角下NVC龙企功能升级模式及演进机理。结果发现,模块创新与知识产权创造能力通过产品渐进升级模式提升供应链;架构创新与知识产权布局能力可以调整技术轨道,通过产品突破升级模式I打通创新链;架构创新、模块创新和知识产权运营能力可以变革技术轨道,通过产品突破升级模式II主导价值链。     

Learning from processing trade: Firm evidence from China

Processing export plays a significant role in international trade. In this paper, focusing on firm-level dynamics, we show that firms learn from their processing export experience to improve their subsequent ordinary export outcomes. Using transaction-level trade data and firm-level production data, we show that firms’ ordinary export performance, at both extensive and intensive margins, is enhanced by their own processing experience. Firms also export products with improved quality after engaging in processing exports of similar products. Furthermore, we investigate potential channels through which firms learn from processing experience. We find that firms potentially learn from processing experience to enhance production efficiency, to better understand how to improve product appeal to cater to specific markets, and to gain better and easier access to inputs. Moreover, we find that exporters benefit more from processing experience for larger markets with fiercer competition. Similarly, stronger learning effects are also observed when processing experience is associated with products that embody less diffused knowledge and are more differentiated. Also, firms learn more from processing experience when they are more actively engaged in processing imports. Lastly, we verify the economic significance and quantify the importance of these potential channels.     

制度理论与高阶理论整合视角下创业制度环境如何影响企业创新绩效

转型经济下企业创新绩效差异不仅来源于创业制度环境,而且受到高层管理者心智模式的影响。为探讨创业制度环境对企业创新绩效的作用机制,对制度理论和高阶理论进行整合,引入创业导向作为中介变量,CEO自恋作为调节变量。运用问卷调查法对北京、吉林、甘肃、重庆、山西和福建等地385家高新技术企业进行实证分析,结果表明：在创业制度环境对企业创新绩效的影响过程中,创业导向起显著中介作用;CEO自恋在创业制度环境与创业导向之间发挥正向调节作用,并正向调节创业导向在创业制度环境与创新绩效之间的中介作用。相关结论丰富了制度理论和高阶理论研究成果,可为企业提升创新绩效提供借鉴。     

Pollution control and foreign firms’ exit behavior in China

China faces a common dilemma of how to maintain rapid economic growth while also reducing the pollution that has accompanied growth. Will stricter pollution controls drive away the foreign firms that have helped spur growth in China? This paper studies the effects of the Two-Control-Zone (TCZ) pollution control policy on foreign firms’ exit behavior in China. Based on firm-level data from 1998 to 2009, we find that foreign firms’ responses are not significantly different from domestic firms on average once environmental regulations impose an added cost of business. However, foreign firms’ responses to stricter pollution controls tend to differ based on various firm characteristics. Our estimation indicates that larger size, higher productivity and exporting all make foreign firms less likely to exit than similar domestic firms in regions with stricter pollution control.     

Exporting,R&D investment and firm survival in the Indian IT sector

This paper examines the effect of exporting and R&D investment on firm survival for a panel of Indian IT firms. We show that exporting has competing effects on firm survival. On the one hand, exporting and investing in productivity are complementary activities, while, on the other, exporting activity is an additional source of uncertainty for the firm. We show that both effects influence survival, but operate at different points in time. Specifically, the hazard facing exporters is higher than non-exporters in the initial phase following entry into the export market, reflecting the fact that exporters are particularly vulnerable to shocks in the start-up phase. However, over time, exporters benefit more from productivity gains than non-exporters and the hazard facing exporters falls below that confronting non-exporters.