Managerial ties,firm resources,and performance of cluster firms

Previous research has documented the relationship among managerial ties, firm resources, and performance in emerging economies such as China. While managerial ties may be embedded in a particular location, some of these ties may be non-location-bound. Therefore, for firms located within one geographically concentrated cluster, how do managerial ties and firm resources affect performance? Using data from 163 firms in two Chinese clusters, we demonstrate that managerial ties and firm resources—independently and in combination—help firms improve market performance. Results support the view that both network-centered strategies (utilizing managerial ties) and market-centered strategies (leveraging firm resources) are critical determinants of firm performance.     

Corporate governance and firm performance in emerging markets: Evidence from Turkey

This is a study of the relationship between context, internal corporate governance and firm performance, looking at the case of Turkey, an exemplar of family capitalism. We found more concentrated ownership, often in the hands of families, led to firms performing better; concentrated ownership means that controlling families bear more of the risks of poor performance. Less predictably, given that the institutional environment is so well attuned to family ownership, we found that mechanisms that accord room for a greater range of voices and interests within and beyond families – larger boards and foreign ownership stakes – seem to also make for positive performance effects. We also noted that increase in cross ownership did not influence market performance, but was negatively associated with accounting performance. Conversely, we found that a higher proportion of family members on boards had no discernable effect on performance. Our findings provide further insights on the relationship between the type of institutions encountered in many emerging markets, internal corporate governance configurations and firm performance.     

中国企业国际化的特色之路

改革开放三十年来,中国企业通过出口和内向型FDI等方式积极融入全球经济之中,但外向型FDI这一参与经济全球化的重要方式,却在总量、国家和地区分布以及行业特征上表现出新的特点.主流跨国公司理论不能解释中国外向型企业,在对外直接投资过程中所表现出来的缺乏所有权优势和直接进入战略资产寻找型阶段等现象.企业的技术能力观点对中国企业国际化问题给出了较好的解释,以创新的角度理解中国企业对外直接投资问题.加大企业技术能力的培育,是应对当前全球金融危机挑战的关键攀措,也是我国企业变全球金融危机为进一步国际化机遇的根本途径.     

我国出口企业的“生产率悖论”及其解释

本文用1998-2007年的中国工业企业数据,选取近300万家企业,分20个行业检验了我国企业出口与生产率的关系,结果显示:只供应国内市场的企业生产率反而高于出口企业;并且企业出口与生产率呈现负相关关系,即生产率越低的企业出口越多。此结论与新-新贸易理论的结论相悖,我们称之为生产率悖论。进一步检验还发现,企业规模是影响出口的主要因素,而出口贸易对于企业生产率的影响是不显著的。笔者认为,导致我国出口企业出现生产率悖论的原因可能在于我国加工贸易较多,且占据了出口贸易的主体。     

我国跨国公司资产结构对企业价值的影响度研究

本研究从企业价值理论和跨国经营理论出发,在借鉴Feltham and Ohlson(1995)、Lev and Sougiannis(1996)和Won heum Lee(2002)的研究成果的基础上,导出跨国企业资产结构对企业价值影响度模型并以我国87家跨国企业为样本,检验和分析了我国跨国企业的资产结构对企业价值的影响度。实证结果发现:我国跨国公司资产结构中,对企业价值影响度最大的是经营资产和实物资产,跨国资产转换倍数和技术资产对企业价值的影响度不高。我国企业只有选好跨国经营模式以及跨国投资和经营地区的前提下,通过合理的资产结构设计,在控制风险的同时,高效运用资产,合理配置资源,才能实现企业稳步可持续的发展。     

Heterogeneous responses of firms to trade protection

This paper estimates the effect of antidumping protection on the productivity of domestic import-competing firms. Two key results emerge. First, the productivity of the average firm receiving protection moderately improves, but this is never sufficient to close the productivity gap with firms never involved in antidumping cases. Second, allowing for firm heterogeneity reveals that domestic firms with relatively low initial productivity - laggard firms - have productivity gains during protection, while firms with high initial productivity - frontier firms - experience productivity losses during protection. These results are consistent with recent theories showing that trade policy affects firms differently depending on their initial productivity.     

Firm heterogeneity and location choice of Taiwanese multinationals

This paper examines the extent to which production location decisions of Taiwanese multinationals reflect underlying patterns of firm productivity. In our theoretical model, heterogeneous firms in a middle-income country decide on the optimal production locations for serving three geographically separate markets: domestic, foreign high-income and foreign low-income. The model shows that the equilibrium decision of a firm depends on the fixed investment costs of establishing foreign subsidiaries, production costs, transportation costs, market size and its own productivity level.

Using firm-level data in 2000, Taiwanese electronics firms are divided into four different categories: non-FDI, investors in China only, investors in the U.S. only, investors in both China and the U.S. We use a multinomial logit model to link firms' location choices with their productivity, controlling for country, industry and other firm characteristics. Our empirical results are consistent with the predictions of the theoretical model. We show that more productive firms engage in outward FDI, with the most productive ones investing in both China and the U.S. We also provide evidence indicating that Taiwanese multinationals investing only in the U.S. are more productive than those investing exclusively in China due to smaller fixed investment costs in China relative to the U.S.     

Cost Flexibility and Firm Size: An Application to Spanish Manufacturing

This paper examines the relationship between flexibility and the size of establishments for Spanish manufacturing industry. This relationship is examined using the Encuesta Industrial, an annual survey which provides manufacturing sectorial information for six size categories over the period 1980–92. The theoretical framework is that proposed by Mills and Schumann (1985 Mills, D.E. and Schumann, L. 1985. Industry structure with fluctuating demand. American Economic Review, 75: 758–67. [Web of Science ®] [Google Scholar]), finding in the evidence related to technological flexibility and demand fluctuations a greater capacity of small firms to adapt to environmental changes, allowing them, in addition, to resist competition based on costs, such as that stemming from scale economies. The results emerging from the estimations confirm that small establishments show greater production variability, employment variability and profit variability than large establishments. That is to say, small establishments are more flexible than large ones due to their greater capacity to absorb demand fluctuations.     

国外信息技术能力研究前沿探析与理论拓展

系统分析并梳理了国外有关信息技术能力的最新研究进展。在此基础上,首先基于对企业信息技术能力概念及构成的分析,重新界定了信息技术能力及其构成;然后对比分析了信息技术能力与企业绩效关系的4种研究类型,并重点构建了信息技术能力对企业绩效影响机制的基本研究框架,研究了中介变量和调节变量对二者关系的影响;最后从技术、社会和行为3个视角,分析了信息技术能力的影响因素,并探讨了组织公民行为对信息技术能力的影响。