Spatial mismatch: An equilibrium analysis

The spatial mismatch hypothesis, first stated by Kain (1968) argues that job decentralization in US cities has contributed to low incomes and high unemployment rates for black Americans. Decentralization relocates job sites to white suburban communities far from the CBD, and housing segregation prevents blacks from relocating their residences near the new workplaces. The purpose of the paper is to analyze an urban equilibrium with spatial mismatch. Despite the existence of a suburban employment center, blacks in the model are forced to live in the central zone they occupied in the original monocentric city, commuting across the white residential area to access suburban jobs. This ‘mismatch’ equilibrium is contrasted with an unrestricted equilibrium where blacks are free to locate wherever they choose.     

‘House poor’ or simply ‘poor’?

This paper defines a set of indicators for distinguishing housing affordability problems resulting from high rents from those chiefly arising from low income. In place of the common ratio of rent to income, it uses a residual income indicator with indicators of over-consumption and over-paying for housing services. The indicators are computed for a sample of renter households in Switzerland, one of the countries with the greatest rental share. They help define more precisely who needs general income assistance and who needs specific housing aid (only one fourth of the former).     

房价水平、差异化产品区位分布与城市体系

地级及以上城市体系的扁平化趋势可能是我国经济增长粗放、产能过剩的体现。本文将Thünen模型中房价水平对差异化产品区位分布的影响关系植入到新经济地理学Krugman-Helpman模型,详细阐述城市房价水平过快上涨(特别是大型城市)对差异化产品区位选择产生扩散倾向的内在机制,并利用1998—2007年中国地级及以上城市的相关数据进行检验。通过计量模型的参数估计,我们发现,Krugman-Helpman模型中导致城市体系扁平化趋势的"非黑洞"条件在中国是成立的。这一结论意味着,通过遏制房价水平非正常过快上涨等方法来扭转城市体系的扁平化趋势可能对调整经济结构与增长方式等具有启示意义。     

成市化过程中的住房价格与财富分配效应

在快速城市化过程中,住房价格持续上涨并不是由外部因素所决定的,而是内生于经济运行本身。由于住房的双重属性和较大的财富持有差距,一旦住房价格被需求触发,住房的投资属性必然会压过消费属性,由经济内部因素作用而持续上涨,直到价值增值的实现受到制约后,才会改变上涨趋势,经过一段时间之后,这个过程会重新开始。在价格上涨和价值增值的实现过程中,伴随着双重财富分配效应,价格持续上涨不但转移了无房人群的当期财富,而且转移了未来财富,同时具有持久性。要想抑制房价持续上涨,减弱这种分配效应,必须缩小投资收益空间,提高无房人群的支付能力。     

宏观调控下的汇率与股价关系

本文运用协整检验和差分VAR模型研究了我国宏观调控背景下汇率和股价之间的关系.研究发现,人民币升值与股价之间先后经历了显著的正向变动关系与反向变动关系,二者之间不存在协整关系,只在短期内汇率是A股价格波动的Granger原因.宏观调控对利率、对外贸易和资本流动等三大联系渠道产生了重要影响,对于防范金融风险起到了积极作用.     

从"油荒"透视珠三角经济发展战略

发生在珠三角地区的油价上涨是一个油品局部区域供应紧张问题,真实地反映了该地区经济增长中出现的深层次矛盾和长期问题.联系国际上持续的石油涨价现象,背后蕴含着极大的必然性.     

Price fairness perceptions and customer loyalty in a retail context

Loyalty and fairness are major research topics in the marketing literature. However, research examining how customer loyalty and fairness perceptions affect each other is lacking. This study examines these two topics in the context of a retailer increasing its prices, develops hypotheses, and tests these hypotheses using an experimental design approach. Results indicate that loyalty has a positive effect on fairness perceptions when price increases are low, though no such effect is found when price increases are high. Also, justifiable reasons for price increases lead to increased fairness perceptions when price increases are low, but any reason offered when price increases are high increases fairness perceptions. Whether distributive or procedural fairness influences post customer loyalty in the presence of price increases is dependent on both the level of the price increase and the reason offered for the price increase. This research provides implications for retailers and directions for future research.     

中美黄金市场的价格发现和动态条件相关性研究

本文运用向量误差修正模型、Hasbrouck信息份额分析法和Engle(2002)提出的动态条件相关多元GARCH模型,研究从2004年11月18日至2008年11月17日期间,中国黄金市场与美国黄金市场的价格发现和动态条件相关性。实证结果发现:中国黄金市场现货和美国黄金市场期货、ETF三者间存在长期均衡关系,美国黄金市场ETF和期货在价格发现过程中居主导地位;中美黄金市场间的相关性随时间变化而动态改变,上海黄金交易所开设夜市交易及延长夜市交易时间,增加了两个市场的关联性,但中国黄金期货的推出和2008年全球金融危机的加深,又使中美黄金市场间的相关性有所降低。