股权结构的内生性：从我国基于控股股东的内部资本市场得到的证据

上市公司IPO时的股权结构是如何形成的?与先前文献只从业绩考察股权结构内生性不同的是,本文从基于控股股东的内部资本市场及其背后的利益动机出发,认为控股股东与上市公司IPO前的业务关联性、组织形式和产权性质等特征形成的内部资本市场,是上市公司IPO股权结构形成的主要影响因素。本文对1999—2004年IPO公司的研究有力地支持了上述假设。并且,股票发行制度改革前(国有企业、地方政府控制)相对于改革后(非国有企业、中央政府控制),其股权结构的形成更容易受政府干预和政策变化的影响,但很少受IPO前公司业绩的影响。这说明股票发行制度的改革确实有助于减少政府不合理干预,真正实现企业根据自身情况自主选择股权结构。     

公司治理与IPO抑价——来自中国股票市场的经验证据

Jensen与Meckling(1976)认为,代理成本是投资者愿意支付的价格与公司内在价值之间的差异。投资者对公司代理成本的预期也会体现在IPO定价过程中,良好的公司治理结构有助于降低公司IPO抑价。本文以我国2002—2003年的133家IPO公司为研究样本,研究样本公司治理结构特征对IPO抑价的影响。结果发现,控制权结构特征以及关联交易性质对IPO抑价有显著的影响,而董事会独立性对IPO的抑价影响则不显著。本文的结果表明,良好的公司治理结构可以显著地降低IPO抑价,降低公司股权融资成本。     

国有商业银行上市后面临的挑战及对策

国有商业银行上市的目的是为了逐步实现市场化经营,促进国有商业银行改善经营管理,提高业务发展质量,最终实现可持续发展。但能否实现可持续发展,要从实际市场化运营中加以衡量。本文简要分析了国有商业银行上市带来的积极影响,同时也指出了其面临的提高经营绩效、增强经营透明度和股市多变对稳健经营等带来的一系列挑战。鉴于此,作者提出了从转变经营理念、完善公司治理结构、提高全面风险管理能力、强化资产负债管理、实现信贷业务均衡有效发展等方面,加强各项发展要素的整合,从不同层面提高可持续发展水平和国际竞争能力;同时,积极推进相关配套的外部环境建设。     

英国的非公开权益资本和风险投资

英国是欧洲风险投资和非公开权益资本的发源地。在欧洲国家中,英国的风险投资和非公开权益资本起步最早,发展也最快。从1979年算起,英国风险资本投资额和非公开权益资本增长了100多倍。2005年,在欧洲的风险投资市场上,英国的风险资本总额占欧洲风险投资额的40￣50%,在欧洲是当仁不让的“大哥大”,在世界范围内仅次于美国。本篇文章主要介绍了风险投资(VentureCapital,VC)及非公开权益资本(PrivateEquity,PE)的最新概念和从属关系以及英国的风险投资及非公开权益资本的历史、结构、规模、投资趋势、投资阶段、投资领域、地理特征、知名风险企业、投资表现等,以此从数据和分析的角度使中国的风险投资领域及非公开权益资本领域的从业人员以借鉴、启迪的作用。     

How do investment patterns of independent and captive private equity funds differ? Evidence from Germany

Empirical literature emphasizes a positive contribution of private equity investors, which results from their combined provision of capital, monitoring, and management support. The aim of this study is to show that these previous results, which are based mostly on the analysis of US independent closed-end private equity funds, cannot be generalized since the private equity industry should not be treated as homogenous. We argue that it is necessary to distinguish between different types of private equity providers because their differing governance structures, strategic goals and experiences have a decisive influence on their value adding activities. The results of this study—which uses a data set of 179 German private equity-backed companies—are consistent with the conjecture that independent and corporate private equity providers tend to have a more pronounced role in corporate governance and monitoring of the companies they finance, than bank-dependent and governmental funds which often serve only as bridge investors.      

中国A股市场IPO抑价影响因素的实证研究

IPO抑价是全球资本市场的普遍现象,是一级市场定价效率低下和二级市场交易不规范的具体表现。IPO抑价使得资本市场资源配置效率低,同时也会产生众多金融风险。在中国IPO抑价率过高,普遍达到100%以上,超过了国外成熟市场和很多的新兴市场。在对国内外相关研究进行综述之后,再构建模型引入实证分析,对理论在国内的适用性进行研究进而探寻导致IPO抑价的原因。信息不对称是导致IPO抑价的主要原因,同时承销商声誉、"公司信号"、资本市场"羊群效应"也有一定的影响。     

REASONS FOR DELISTING AND CONSEQUENCES: A LITERATURE REVIEW AND RESEARCH AGENDA

This paper discusses the literature on delisting, drawing on USA and international evidence. Given the great heterogeneity in delisting operations, we first consider the standard existing typology based on the initiator of the delisting (the stock market authorities, or the firm itself). Second, while managers often cite high compliance costs (especially due to Sarbanes–Oxley Act implementation) as the official reason for the voluntary delisting of their firm, we highlight that firms face different trade-offs in their delisting decision. We also examine the reasons for involuntary delisting, especially the delisting dilemma faced by stock market authorities when the firm violates the listing requirements. Next, we review the economic consequences of delisting in terms of value creation or value destruction for shareholders. Finally, noting gaps in the literature and other contrasting results, we propose suggestions for future research.     

论新股发行体制二次改革带来的影响

新股发行体制改革第二阶段工作已于11月1日正式实施,本文主要从二次改革对市场可能带来的利弊出发进行分析,并展望IPO制度未来的发展趋势。总的来说此次新股发行体制改革仅仅只是一个开端,我们的市场只有通过不断的尝试和检验才能变得更加完善。     

盈余操控方式对创业板上市公司IPO后业绩的影响

通过对创业板上市公司从应计盈余管理和真实盈余管理两个视角比较不同盈余操控方式对IPO后企业业绩的影响。实证分析结果表明,创业板公司IPO前后同时实施应计项目操控和真实活动操控两种盈余操控行为。其中真实盈余管理是IPO后企业业绩下滑的深层次原因,且不同盈余操控方式对IPO后3年业绩影响具有时间差异。     

Can governance help in making an IPO “successful”? New evidence from Europe

This paper investigates the determinants of a “successful” IPO from a corporate governance perspective upon a representative sample of European listings from 2000 to 2015. We use an extensive dataset of market performance, financial data, and corporate governance characteristics to run the investigation. Differently from previous studies, our analysis embraces both a short‐term perspective and a medium–long‐term perspective, where the board of directors seems to perform different tasks, moving from a value creation to a value protection strategy. Among the others, we find that board size, board independence, and their qualifications, together with their experience in other boards, are associated with a positive performance of the IPO in a short‐term horizon and in the medium–long‐term period, although significant differences emerge among those time perspectives.