Key drivers of innovation capability in hotels: implications on performance

Innovation capability is critical for the modernization and competitiveness of the hotel industry. This work analyzes the role of hotels' innovative culture, market orientation, and internal marketing as forerunners of innovation capability in hotels, as well as the effect of innovation capability on hotels' performance. The proposed conceptual model is evaluated through structural equation modeling using a sample of 256 Spanish hotels. The results reveal that innovative culture by itself is not a key driver of the hotels' innovation capability. However, internal marketing and market orientation mediate the innovative culture-innovation capability relationship. Innovation capability proves to enhance hotels' market results directly and indirectly through customer equity. Our findings offer hotel managers useful guidance to understand how innovation capability is built within the firm by combining the right organizational culture and practices. Additionally, our study reinforces the financial and non-financial benefits of innovation capability in hotels.     

中国制造业企业开放式创新行为及影响因素

开放式创新行为对提高企业创新绩效有显著影响。基于2012年世界银行调查数据，对中国企业开放式创新行为影响因素进行了实证分析。研究表明：①企业开放式创新行为在区域、行业上分布不均；②竞争对手情况、信息技术支持度、数据软件共享度、产品出口、产品销售范围等对研发合作有显著正向影响；③高管工作经历、竞争者数量、信息技术支持度等对企业创新开放度有显著正向影响。     

研发市场界定的适用困境及应对策略

研发市场是经营者在特定产品和技术竞争中形成的市场范围。由于研发活动的不确定性，反垄断执法机关在界定研发市场时难以准确厘定市场边界，更深层次的原因在于维持竞争与激励研发的关系尚不明晰。研发竞争中的垄断行为难以通过相关市场界定的方式判断其违法性，需要结合具体案情和市场条件，动态分析涉案行为是否损害产品或技术研发竞争。     

Embracing invention similarity for the measurement of vertically overlapping claims

ABSTRACT

Clear and well-defined patent rights can incentivize innovation by granting monopoly rights to the inventor for a limited period of time in exchange for public disclosure of the invention. However, with cumulative innovation, when a product draws from intellectual property held across multiple firms (including fragmented intellectual property or patent thickets), contracting failures may lead to suboptimal economic outcomes. However, an alternative theory, developed by a variety of scholars, contends that patent thickets have a more ambiguous effect. Researchers have developed several measures to gauge the extent and impact of cumulative innovation and the various channels of patent thickets. This paper contends that mis-measurement may contribute to the incoherence and overall lack of consensus within the patent thickets literature. Specifically, the literature is missing a precise measure of vertically overlapping claims. We propose a new measure of vertically overlapping claims that incorporates invention similarity to more precisely identify inventive overlap. The measure defined in this paper will enable more accurate measurement, and allow for novel economic research on cumulative innovation, fragmentation in intellectual property, and patent thickets within and across all patent jurisdictions.     

校企关系与企业R & D投入研究

校企关系被看作是企业与高校交换创新资源的重要纽带,备受国内外学者关注，但其对企业的影响尚未得到一致结论，校企关系是否促进企业技术创新能力提升、降低企业创新投入成本有待进一步研究。以我国2009—2014 年高校上市公司为研究样本，建立回归方程模型，研究了高校和企业间关系对公司R&D投入的影响。实证研究表明，我国高校上市公司中不同属性的校企关系对企业研发投入的影响不同。其中，以高校持股比例为指征的校企关系与公司研发投入呈正相关关系，高校股权可以促进企业研发投入；以高校股东分红比例和高校从业经历高管比例为指征的校企关系与研发投入呈负相关关系，以政府补助为指征的校企关系对高校控股上市公司和非控股上市公司研发投入的影响不同。     

Problem-solving effort and success in innovation contests: The role of national wealth and national culture

Innovation contests allow firms to harness specialized skills and services from globally dispersed participants for solutions to business problems. Such contests provide a rich setting for operations management (OM) scholars to explore problem solving in global labor markets as firms continue to unbundle their innovation value chains. In this study, we examine the implications of specific types of diversity in innovation contests on problem-solving effort and success. First, we conceptualize diversity among contestants in terms of national wealth (measured as gross domestic product per capita (GDPP) adjusted for purchasing power parity) and national culture (measured using the culture dimensions of performance orientation and uncertainty avoidance) and examine how such factors influence problem-solving effort. Next, we examine how differences between contestants and contest holders in terms of the above factors influence contest outcomes. Using data from a popular online innovation contest platform and country-level archival data, we find that contestants from countries with lower levels of GDPP are more likely to exert greater problem-solving effort compared to other contestants. With regard to national culture, we find that performance orientation and uncertainty avoidance have positive and negative effects, respectively, each of which weakens with increasing levels of GDPP. Finally, our analysis provides evidence of homophily effects indicating that contestants who share greater similarities with the contest holder in terms of national wealth and national culture are more likely to be successful in a contest. We discuss the implications of the study's findings for contest holders and platform owners who organize innovation contests, and for emerging research on innovation contests.     

Guest satisfaction in independent and affiliated to chain hotels

In the hotel sector, two basic organisational forms can be distinguished, independent and chain-affiliated, which reflects in the entities' management processes and in the dimensions of the hotel service. Guest satisfaction is the determinant of and the secret to success in the hotel industry, nevertheless the comparison of customer satisfaction of both operational models is scarce. The main goal of this work is to determine whether those differences exist, considering the geographical scope and size of the chain in linked hotels. Customer satisfaction was analysed in 404 four and five-star hotels, measured through the hotel ratings from online travel agent Booking.com, in two tourism destinations in Spain using the Rasch Measurement Theory. Results obtained indicate that the superiority in customer satisfaction of one of these management forms shows for specific dimensions of the service provided.     

创业导向对创新绩效的影响:顾客授权与开放式创新视角

开放经济下企业往往利用开放式创新范式进行技术创新。从开放式理论视角探讨创业导向对创新绩效的作用机制,重点探讨顾客授权的调节作用。以开放式创新为中介变量,以顾客授权为调节变量,构建一个被调节的中介作用模型。采用259家制造业企业的调查问卷数据检验研究假设,结果表明:开放式创新部分中介了创业导向与创新绩效间关系,顾客授权正向调节创业导向与开放式创新间关系以及开放式创新与创新绩效间关系,顾客授权与创新绩效呈正相关关系。最后,提出了管理建议和未来研究方向。     

虚拟组织持续创新:内涵、本质与机理

互联网技术革命及消费者需求的不断更新推动了虚拟组织的诞生与发展,作为新型的价值创造系统,虚拟组织以核心能力为结点,能够集成整合价值链上的优势资源,紧抓市场机遇,持续为客户创造价值。首先,厘清了虚拟组织持续创新的内涵与本质。在此基础上,分别论述了虚拟组织持续创新的4大构件即创新动力、创新过程、学习能力与界面管理,及其之间的交互作用,提出了虚拟组织持续创新的运行机理,旨在深化对虚拟组织持续创新的研究和认识。     

Innovation and its diffusion: process,actors and actions

Seeking to understand factors affecting innovation diffusion, research has increasingly focused on process, actors and activities. After two decades of research, however, a systematisation of these three sets of studies is still lacking. Thus, this paper contributes to the existing literature providing a comprehensive framework of factors affecting innovation diffusion between organisations. Specifically it evidences phases of innovation diffusion process, clarifies the role of innovator, adopters and intermediaries and evidences actions that policy-makers can implement to support it.