Financing Constraints and the Timing of Innovations in the German Services Sector

Using newly available data at the firm level, this study provides convincing evidence of the importance of financial constraints in explainingthe timing of innovations in the German services sector. Based on a dynamic model of firms' optimalR & D behavior under financial constraints, we estimate various versions of aneconometric specification of the model with dichotomous innovation data by using a univariateordered probit model. Additionally, a new estimation technique is applied to account forthe scaling of the regressor variables. Our results are consistent with the theoretical view that,because of capital market imperfections, internal finance should be an important determinant ofinnovative activities by private firms not only in the manufacturing sector but as well as inthe services sector.     

Innovation in the every day life of libraries

A state of the Art trend analysis of the Library and Information science reveals that the Library world is in the midst of the technological restructuring. Every branch of library work changes continuously because of the technological facilities, although the missions and goals remain unaltered. The libraries belong to these professional divisions which involve the innovation and technology transfer in everyday life. In most of the cases innovation either as a product or as a procedure goes into the libraries, it's not a phenomenon produced by them.On the strategic level libraries on average have developed the ability to collect, process and assimilate technological innovation.On the organizational level libraries follow the changes which technology transfer dictates such as close co-operation with computer centers and external commercial information suppliers, software and hardware suppliers, science and technology achievements, etc. It is too common to libraries to develop routines and Best Practices for every task, derived by the technology they use, for the cost decrease, the time save and the increase of the effectiveness and efficiency.The innovative process is the kind which libraries could adopt, as innovation is composed of the systematic retrieve of changes and systematic analysis of the opportunities which these changes could contribute to economic and social improvement.Innovation above all, is a social procedure, as it is interpreted in terms such as creativity, desires, fantasy and the ability to take risks and to change. So innovation and technology transfer differentiates the role of the librarian and extends it beyond the limits of the information intermediary. The librarian in order to involve, anticipate and especially produce innovation has to learn how to learn, as libraries have to learn how to change.The presentation will be a methodological one and will focus on Best Practices, the definition and a short report, how they combine with the library functions and how they produce innovative processes and new Best Practices. An evaluation of Best Practices according the Value Analysis method is included as a prerequisite of the final choice of which practice is characterised as Best and which not.     

Schumpeter and Steindl on the dynamics of competition

This paper compares and contrasts the contributions of Joseph Alois Schumpeter and Josef Steindl to the competitive paradigm. Both reject the static nature of traditional profit maximizing analysis and the analytical device of a representative firm. Instead they both opt for a dynamic framework in which there is a key role for innovation. Differences emerge in terms of the characteristics of individual firms that nurture the competitive struggle and are responsible for technical change. The maturation process of a capitalist economy, whereby a natural progression will involve an increase in concentration, as prescribed by Schumpeter and Steindl is also explored, as is criticism of their analyses. Finally the holistic approach to competitive modelling, a legacy of these two economists, is expounded and challenges for the future identified.     

Uncertainty and the size distribution of rewards from innovation

 Previous research has shown that the distribution of profit outcomes from technological innovations is highly skew. This paper builds upon those detailed findings to ask: what stochastic processes can plausibly be inferred to have generated the observed distributions? After reviewing the evidence, this paper reports on several stochastic model simulations, including a pure Gibrat random walk with monthly changes approximating those observed for high-technology startup company stocks and a more richly specified model blending internal and external market uncertainties. The most highly specified simulations suggest that the set of profit potentials tapped by innovators is itself skew-distributed and that the number of entrants into innovation races is more likely to be independent of market size than stochastically dependent upon it.     

雄安新区规划建设的示范价值、理论创新与未来展望

雄安新区规划建设在体制机制创新、经济高质量发展、新兴产业集聚、科技协同创新、城市空间布局、区域协调发展等方面具有重要的示范价值。雄安新区的规划建设启示我们,可在尝试贯通多个经济发展理论的基础上,构建适用于后发赶超地区的理论分析框架,为后发地区经济高质量发展、新兴产业集聚和区域协调提供理论指导。展望未来,雄安新区将在高标准建设、高质量发展方面形成更多可复制推广的制度创新成果和经验模式,引领国家级新区和未来城市发展。     

论中国经济长周期波动的特殊性

本文的分析表明,技术创新和制度创新是长波运行的主要动力。中国经济长波存在超长的上升期,这一特殊性源自我国技术创新和制度创新的不断进展。我们应继续以持续的技术创新和制度创新来推动我国经济长波的高位平稳运行。     

财务管理专业《内部控制学》课程的教学改革方案设计

在我国当前内部控制的教学模式相对落后、教学改革几乎空白的背景下,本文以四川师范大学商学院财务管理专业为依托,针对《内部控制学》课程的教学内容制定了“实践模拟教学体系”,为保证教学目标的实现构建了“组合式教学法”.灵活多样的教学方法相互融合且交替使用于不同的教学内容中,由此设计出一套完整严密的教学改革总体方案.     

债务结构优化与企业创新——基于企业债券融资视角的研究

本文在我国保持宏观杠杆率基本稳定及实施创新驱动发展战略的现实背景下,从债券融资的视角,探讨债务结构优化对企业创新的影响。研究发现,债券融资与企业创新之间显著正相关,表明债券融资优化企业债务结构、提升企业创新能力的积极作用占据主导地位。进一步研究表明:(1)债券融资能够通过降低整体债务融资成本并延长整体债务期限促进企业创新;(2)债券融资对于银行贷款存在溢出效应,即企业通过债券融资,还能降低银行贷款利率、延长银行贷款期限,进而促进企业创新;(3)产品市场竞争和代理问题会在一定程度上削弱债券融资对企业创新的促进作用;(4)不同类型的债券对企业创新能力的作用存在异质性,债券发行的便利性是其影响企业创新的一个重要因素。     

工薪所得税筹划与企业创新

本文结合我国工薪所得税税负较重及实施创新驱动发展战略的现实背景,探讨工薪所得税筹划是否以及如何对企业创新产生影响。研究发现:(1)工薪所得税筹划程度与企业创新显著正相关;(2)员工应税压力越大,二者正相关关系越显著,且2011年个人所得税税制改革会抑制二者之间的正向关系,表明纳税筹划主要通过降低工薪税负的不利影响,强化薪酬的激励效应,进而促进企业创新;(3)当公司为国有企业或公司处在税收征管强度较大的地区时,二者的正向关系更强;(4)当企业人均薪酬波动较大时,二者的正向关系削弱;(5)当创新员工更有可能是避税行为的受益者时,二者的正相关关系更强。本研究对于降低工薪阶层税负,以及如何提高企业创新意愿,实现创新驱动发展战略,具有重要的理论和现实意义。     

资源依赖、制度安排与区域创新能力 —基于空间杜宾模型

区域创新能力提升是我国加快建设创新型国家、实现高质量发展的现实需求。 本文通过构建涵盖资源依赖、制度安排与区域创新能力的理论模型分析其内在关系并提出假 说,运用2000-2016年全国30个省（区、市）的面板数据与空间杜宾模型,检验三者之间的影 响及空间溢出效应。研究结果表明：（1）资源依赖程度越高,越不利于本地区创新能力提升;（2）有效率的制度安排对区域创新能力有正向促进作用;（3）从空间溢出效应来看,本地区 资源依赖程度越高,越抑制周边地区区域创新能力提升,有效的制度安排能助推周边地区创新能力提高。