Rapidly escalating threats to the biodiversity and ethnocultural capital of Brazilian Indigenous Lands

Indigenous land rights have been increasingly recognized in several countries, but powerful economic and political lobbies have conspired to produce major legislative alterations to severely weaken the protection status of indigenous territories, threatening their rich ethnocultural capital and biological diversity. Here, we provide a comprehensive quantitative assessment of the demography of indigenous populations and the conservation performance of all 587 physically demarcated Indigenous Lands (ILs) in Brazil. Our results show that human population density (HPD) is higher inside than outside 50 % of ILs, dispelling the often repeated argument that there is “too much land for too few Indians”. Moreover, a strong positive relationship between IL size and indigenous population size is corroborated by larger resident populations within the largest territories, even they are sparsely settled. Over half of all ILs retain 90 % of natural vegetation and harbour 54 % of all indigenous populations living inside ILs. HPD within ILs was strongly negatively related to their proportion of natural vegetation cover. These results show the critical importance of legally protecting sufficiently large indigenous territories. Any alteration in the protection status and/or opening up ILs to economic exploitation such as mining, forestry and large-scale agriculture will affect the long-term ethnocultural integrity and the environmental viability of these territories. ILs remain critical if Brazil is to accomplish its international commitments to both protect tropical biodiversity and mitigate climate change.     

Creating cooperative advantage: The roles of identification,trust, and time

This study promotes the notion of cooperative advantage as an alternative to the common emphasis on competitive advantage. In a challenging setting, identification, trust and time focus emerged as central cooperative advantage preconditions between actors with different worldviews. Creating cooperative advantage is associated with these three dimensions and their interplay through acknowledgment, respect and patience—central managerial qualities present in the case. The notion of cooperative advantage is related to industrial network theory and the strategic management discipline.     

跨国公司在华R＆D投资溢出效应及特征分析

在研究跨国公司投资溢出效益方面．不少研究者较少考虑到R＆D投资本身的特殊性。本文在对跨国公司在华R＆D的实证分析的基础上，探讨R＆D投资的特征对溢出效应的影响。最后基于对实证结果和R＆D投资特征的分析，给出政策建议。     

Do Urban Neighborhoods Benefit from Homeowners? Evidence from Housing Prices

Homeownership is heavily subsidized in most countries. The adverse effects of this policy on economic efficiency and income distribution are well documented in the economics literature. The main argument in favor of subsidizing homeownership is that it creates positive externalities that offset these adverse effects. In this paper, we test whether homeowners create positive externalities that capitalize into housing prices in multi‐storey buildings. Using semi‐parametric hedonic regressions with and without instrumental variables, we find no evidence of positive externalities, although the results with instrumental variables are somewhat imprecise. This result is robust to several sensitivity checks and to a relaxation of the identification assumptions of our instrument using set identification.     

Infrastructure and Connectivity in India: Getting the Basics Right

Infrastructure helps in building productive capacity by bridging connectivity gaps, reducing distribution and trade costs, and facilitating the sharing of the benefits of growth with poorer groups and communities, among others. The evidence in this paper suggests the need for India to develop both hard as well as soft infrastructure for enhancing trade flows and growth. The existence of both aspects simultaneously will produce gains of a significantly higher order but one without the other is likely to be ineffective.     

我国研发强度增长态势预测分析

一些发达国家的发展经验表明,一国研发强度超过2%之后将保持低速增长。我国若重蹈别国的覆辙,将难以实现到2020年研发强度达2.5%的目标。从2006年至今的发展情况来看,我国的研发强度在突破2%之后或仍将保持较快增长,有望提前实现2.5%的目标。     

Does distance reflect more than transport costs?

We decompose the effect of distance on intercity retail price dispersion in US into transport and non-transport cost components. We find that distance contains more information than transport costs. Care should be taken in interpreting distance effect as transport costs only.     

Yield spreads,currency movements,and recession predictability for southern border economies in the United States

Prior research establishes that the spread between long- and short-term bond yields often provides valuable information for predicting business cycle downturns. This study examines the predictive capacity of the yield spread for the United States metropolitan economies situated along the border with Mexico. Because of the location of these urban economies and various economic ties linking them with twin cities across the border, the Mexico yield spread, and the real dollar/peso exchange rate are also employed as potential recession predictors. Results suggest that a flattening of the yield curve for either country tends to increase the probability of recessions in border economies. Furthermore, declines in the real value of the peso, which are typically associated with greater cross-border manufacturing activity, are found to reduce recession likelihoods in the metropolitan economies examined on the north side of the international boundary.     

R与当前大数据审计方法的比较研究

当前,审计人员进行数据分析时以Excel统计计算、SQL语句查询分析为主,而在大数据时代来临之际,这两种工具是否仍能继续作为大数据审计工具协助开展审计工作,本文将结合R语言,分别对其展开比较研究,为将来审计人员开展大数据审计提供基础的理论参考。     

对人民币国际化战略的思考

金融危机爆发后迫使美国政府推出两轮“量化宽松”的货币政策和激进的财政政策,造成世界范围的流动性过剩。美元一路下跌,人民币不断升值,使我国国际储备中的美元资产大幅缩水,并困扰着我国对外投资与贸易。如何规避汇率风险,打破困局成为许多专家学者担忧的问题。本文提出人民币国际化是解决问题的办法之一。