有限合伙人、竞争者间接联结与企业创新

基于竞争性信息泄露假说，研究企业通过有限合伙人（LP）形成的竞争者间接联结对自身创新的影响。通过私募通数据库搜集数据，以电子与光电设备行业接受A轮风险投资的企业为研究对象，使用负二项分布模型进行分析，结果发现：通过LP的竞争者间接联结数量对企业创新产出有显著负向影响；通过VC的竞争者间接联结数量、LP参股VC基金的相对金额、VC的合作关系均反向调节上述关系。把竞争性信息泄露假说扩展至LP层面，提醒企业在寻求VC投资时，需要注意通过VC的竞争者间接联结以及更为隐秘地通过LP的竞争者间接联结对自身创新可能带来的阻碍。     

A diagrammatical template for business market demand estimation

This article describes a template that can help guide managers through a minefield of complex product interactions and demand drivers on the way to producing a realistic demand estimation. It is based on many years of consulting and conducting postmortems to find out what went wrong when demand forecasts have gone awry.A menu of troublesome variables that make up a rogue's gallery of the worst offending causes of estimation error are presented. The premise being, if we are aware of the potential trouble spots in demand estimation, we are likely to avoid some of the more serious problems that plague market projections.A diagrammatical template is presented that shows these troublesome variables and where they enter into the demand evaluation process. Next, the template components are introduced to show how the various product interactions and drivers that affect demand estimation are used and how they impact market projections. Throughout, a list of dos and don'ts are provided along with a sufficient number of real-life disaster stories to reinforce the issues.     

Imperfect competition,indirect tax harmonization and public goods

This paper shows that the welfare implications of indirect tax harmonization in a two-country imperfectly competitive framework, are, in general, indeterminate in the presence of public goods: Both countries can be made either worse off or better off. This holds under both the destination and origin principles of taxation and is in sharp contrast to existing results where revenue effects are not present. A consequence of this indeterminacy is that a precise evaluation of tax-harmonizing policies under both tax regimes requires an explicit consideration of the underlying preferences for private and public goods as well as the oligopolistic sectors’ relative cost structures. JEL code F15⋅ H21⋅ H41⋅ H87     

人民币境外存量考察:基于季度数据的协整分析和间接估计

本文根据现金需求的影响因素,构建了两个略有差异的现金需求实证模型,运用1992-2000年的季度数据,拟合出我国境内现金需求函数的表达方程,通过对比分析,选择拟合效果较好的模型来预测2001-2008年我国境内人民币需求量,通过扣除本地需求法估算出该段时期内境外人民币的存量。结果显示,2001-2008年间,人民币境外存量从100-300亿元规模开始波动上升,2006年开始呈现大幅增加的态势,达到甚至突破1000亿元;另外,人民币境外存量有较为剧烈的季节波动,这为央行制定货币政策带来一定困难。     

Service robots and perceived discrimination in tourism and hospitality

This study explores the influences of the incorporation of service robots in the service delivery systems of tourism and hospitality companies on the perceived discrimination of tourists and tourism employees. In doing so, a conceptual framework is proposed to explain the relationships between robots-based service delivery systems in tourism and hospitality (e.g., fully robotised and mixed service delivery systems) and discrimination. This paper demonstrates that although service robots may be advantageous in eliminating/mitigating perceived discrimination (from employees to tourists, tourists to tourists, tourists to employees, employer/employee to employee), using robots can also create or aggravate perceived discrimination. Though this study is the first attempt on the subject and presents beneficial knowledge for tourism and hospitality service providers and service robot designers, future empirical studies could shed more light on the relationship between robots-based service delivery systems and discrimination in the tourism and hospitality context.     

Quantitative study on the urban flesh water consumption since Chinese rapid urbanization

The development of urbanization has a close relationship with fresh water resources, especially in the rapid urbanization period. By analyzing the course of the urhanization development and the experience of international urbanization development, the paper confirms the starting time of the rapid urbanization. Based on the ecotogical theory; urban fresh water consumption is composed of three types： the direct, the indirect and the induced water consumption. And the paper constructs calculation model of the indirect and the induced water consumption. Using the related statistics data, the paper makes an empirical research on the changes of the amount and structure of water consumption. Then it discusses the correlation between the water consumption and the amount of urban population, and the result shows that the amount of the water consumption arid the urban population have a remarkable correlation with the exception of the amount of the indirect water consumption, and the curves fake on quadratic functian form. Last, from the urban fimction point of view; the paper anatomizes the cause of the urban water consumption changes.     

PRESUMPTIVE TAXATION METHODS: A REVIEW OF THE EMPIRICAL LITERATURE

This paper reviews the empirical literature studying the effect of the introduction of presumptive taxation methods on taxpayers’ behavior. Although the concept of presumptive taxation entails numerous alternative methods to determine tax liabilities, I survey two main areas of the literature: indirect tax assessment methods and presumptive minimum taxes. The review investigates efficiency and equity implications of presumptive taxation methods. Conflicting conclusions emerge about the effectiveness of presumptive policy tools in achieving different goals, such as the increase of voluntary tax compliance, the growth of tax revenues, and the reduction of shadow economy and fiscal evasion.     

Testing a model of UK growth: A role for R&D subsidies

R&D is a main driver of growth, whether by generating new ideas for production or increasing technological transfer. However, R&D itself is risky and faces numerous barriers which may reduce its marginal return. Direct R&D subsides are intended to counteract such barriers, but whether they lead empirically to increased economic growth is unclear. In our structural model of the UK, subsidies offset the frictional costs associated with R&D, incentivising innovation and so stimulating productivity growth. We estimate and test this structural model by indirect inference, a method not previously used in work on R&D. We find that even temporary cuts to R&D funding have long-lasting impacts on UK economic growth. The power of the test allows us to calculate tight accuracy bounds for our results and for policy reform impacts calculated using the model. These findings are of high relevance to the ongoing debate around the future UK innovation environment.     

A tale of airline competition: When full-service carriers undercut low-cost carriers fares

The pricing of low-cost carriers (LCCs) compared with traditional airlines has been extensively investigated since their inception in the air transport market. Abundant empirical evidence attests that, on average, LCCs' fares (per km) are lower than those usually offered by full-service carriers (FSCs). Such literature, however, paid virtually no attention to the conditions under which LCCs lose their convenience compared to traditional airlines. The purpose of this study is to investigate the occurrence of LCCs sometimes offering higher fares than FSCs on competing flights. By using a dataset expressly collected for this purpose, we are able to quantify its frequency and suggest some possible explanations. These findings concur to cast some questions on the widely held preconception of vertical differentiation between LCCs' and FSCs’ offered services. Further research will be needed in order to understand the relative weight of the suggested factors.     

中小企业间接融资的法律风险控制研究

中小企业在我国国民经济中占有非常重要的地位,但是长期以来却普遍面临融资困境,融资难已经成为制约其发展的最大瓶颈,而中小企业间接融资难的主要原因在于其难以满足金融机构对贷款的风险控制要求。本文从我国现行中小企业间接融资立法与实践现状入手,在总结各地经验的基础上,分析了中小企业间接融资法律风险的成因,从企业信用增级、拓展融资渠道、完善担保体系、加强企业信用体系建设和动态信用监管等方面提出了防范中小企业间接融资风险的具体建议。