个人所得税改革遗留问题探讨

新个人所得税法主要在两个方面进行了重大改动:费用减除标准上,将工资、薪金所得的费用减除额从800元上调至1600元;纳税申报上,对高收入者鼓励其自行申报。这是我国个税改革的一个良好开端,但与理想的个税模式相比,我国个税制度还存在着税制不合理、税基过窄、税率相对复杂、税收征管制度不完善等遗留问题。本文对此进行了探讨,并提出了一些完善建议。     

Contract settlement specification and price discovery: Empirical evidence in Australia individual share futures market

This study applies Geweke [J. Am. Stat. Assoc. 76 (1982) 304] measures of information flow and dependence between Australian individual share futures (ISF) contract and its underlying stock market to investigate whether the price discovery function of futures price has been enhanced after the switch of futures contracts from cash settlement to physical delivery. It is found that the spot market leads the futures market as the futures trading volume is rather small. Further tests suggest that the switch from cash settlement to physical delivery in the ISF contracts has reinforced the information flow from the spot market to the futures market.     

无住所个人税收负担变化分析

无住所个人在月收入相同的情况下,由于在华居留时间不同负有不同的纳税义务,其税收负担随在华居留的时间越长,月税收负担越重。本文根据相关文件,通过详细解析计算公式,并用实例分析了这一规律。     

关注民生的重要改革——工资、薪金所得减除费用标准提高的意义与影响

在物价水平上涨、财政收入大幅度增加的情况下,政府出于对民生的关注,将个人所得税工资、薪金所得减除费用标准从1600 元提高到2000 元,这进一步推动了我国个人所得税改革的进程。展望改革前景,个人所得税工资、薪金所得减除费用标准应该指数化,与物价水平挂钩,还应该考虑以家庭为单位进行纳税申报。当然,个人所得税制度改革的最终目标,是实行综合和分类相结合的个人所得税制。     

向地震灾区捐赠税前扣除应注意的事项

2008年5月12日的四川汶川大地震让国人悲痛,世界震惊。此次地震牵动了众多国人的心,涌起了慈善捐赠潮。本文列举了企业和个人向地震灾区捐赠税前扣除的政策依据、特定条件,并举例予以分析。     

二元所得税的兴起:国际经验及启示

二元所得税作为一种对资本所得与劳动所得分离课税的个人所得税新模式,已被越来越多的国家所尝试。围绕二元所得税,理论界的争议主要集中于对资本所得征税的效率性、公平性、管理性和普及性等方面。对我国而言,既要反思劳动所得和资本所得的差异,明确个人所得税改革的基本思路与方向,又要采取渐进主义的改革策略,设计二元所得税的短期、中期和长期目标,在条件成熟时予以尝试。     

Job satisfaction and commitment in the entrepreneurial SME

In the current global corporate climate that surrounds us, firms would do well to encourage the talent and creativity of their employees to achieve success. This is achieved, not by giving priority to individual talent, but by optimizing the collective as a whole and with the firm’s activities based on teamwork and joint effort. Heads of organizations might benefit from creating a favorable context for the birth and growth of collective internal cooperation, which is understood to be the collective ability to create and innovate on the part of the team, the firm or the organization. Having contrasted our hypotheses through research on Spanish firms, we have concluded that job satisfaction and commitment to the team are factors that have a direct and positive effect on Internal Entrepreneurship.      

A study of critical factors of the job involvement for hotel employees—Taking hotels in Taiwan as an example

The selection of staff is always a critical success factor for managers in the hospitality service sector. This work focuses on the front-line employees and supervisors of international tourist hotels as the study subjects to explore the direct effects of the individual guanxi networks and POS (perceived organizational support) of hotel staff on their job involvement, and examines the indirect effects of these via personality characteristics. For this paper, questionnaire surveys were utilized; 246 questionnaires returned, of which 221 were deemed valid samples appropriate for further analysis. Reliability analysis, EFA, CFA, and SEM were used to examine the data.     

Tourism as reflexive reconstructions of colonial past

This paper examines ways in which tourism can create a safe area where political contestations can be expressed and communicated. Utilising a longer-term ethnographic research, this paper unravels ways in which local tourists reflexively reconstruct colonial past, within the context of two royal palaces in South Korea. Individual narratives highlight the intricate and complex dynamics of heritage and nationhood, by way of either confirming or contradicting official discourses and nationalist sentiments. Individual narratives contribute to challenging the distinction between the official and the unofficial and the ideological and the emotional, thereby highlighting the ambivalent nature of colonial heritage. This paper recognises the liminal and transformative force of tourism as a drive for oppositional and alternative readings of a shameful past.     

The demand functions that satisfy the weak axiom of revealed preference and generalized monotonicity

We prove that the individual demand function satisfying the Weak Axiom of Revealed Preference and the excess demand function satisfying the Wald’s Axiom are pseudomonotone_*⁺, a new class of generalized monotonicity. With this new concept, we refine the characterization of Zhou for the individual demand function. In particular, a full characterization for the excess demand functions satisfying the Wald’s Axiom is derived.