新疆南疆三地州经济发展现状与趋势

本文在分析南疆三地州2000年-2011年经济发展趋势与特点的基础上,利用灰色关联度模型剖析了三次产业对南疆三地州经济发展的贡献;并利用灰色预测模型GM（1,1）对南疆三地州未来5年三次产业增加值进行预测,得出结论：南疆三地州经济发展相对落后,第二产业对经济增长的推动力弱,工业发展十分薄弱;若按照2007年-2011年的发展态势,2012年-2016年,南疆三地州的三次产业增加值将不断提高,三次产业结构将不断优化.最后提出,应加快南疆三地州的工业发展,推进新型工业化进程;加快南疆三地州的特色农业发展,推进农牧业现代化;加快南疆三地州农村劳动力的转移,推进新型城镇化;加快南疆三地州的现代服务业发展,提高服务业发展质量.     

The effect of tax avoidance crackdown on corporate innovation

To constrain the use of intangible assets in tax-motivated state income shifting, many U.S. state governments adopted addback statutes. Addback statutes reduce the tax benefits that firms can gain from creating intangible assets such as patents. Using a sample of U.S. public firms, we examine the effect of addback statutes on corporate innovation behavior. First, the adoption of addback statutes leads to a 4.77 percentage point decrease in the number of patents and a 5.12 percentage point decrease in the number of patent citations. Second, the “disappearing patents” resulting from addback statutes have significant economic value. Third, after a state adopts an addback statute, a firm with material subsidiaries in that state assigns fewer patents to subsidiaries in zero-tax states, whereas the number of patents assigned to the other states does not change. Overall, our findings suggest that addback statutes impede corporate innovation.     

Barriers to innovation through public procurement: A supplier perspective

Public procurement is increasingly viewed as having important potential to drive innovation. Despite this interest, numerous barriers prevent the public sector from acting as an intelligent and informed customer. This paper seeks to understand how barriers related to processes, competences, procedures and relationships in public procurement influence suppliers? ability to innovate and to reap the benefits of innovation. We address this by exploiting a dedicated survey of public sector suppliers in the UK, using a probit model to investigate the influence of structural, market and innovation determinants on suppliers? perception of these barriers.     

Policy-driven ecosystems for new vaccine development

This paper examines the relationship between biomedical policies and entrepreneurial R&D strategies. Public health programs have been unable to provide effective and affordable treatment of infectious diseases for the poor. While governments have become more open to private sector contributions to policy objectives, it is rare to find new ventures commercializing healthcare innovations for neglected diseases. Two case studies of entrepreneurial ventures, in the UK and China, provide evidence on how resource-constrained firms mobilize participants in policy-specific ecosystems to achieve their goals of new vaccine development for tuberculosis. Ecosystem analysis reveals how the innovators’ business models can align their strategies with national policy objectives.     

Knowledge management and innovation strategy in the Asia Pacific: Toward an institution-based view

The emergence of knowledge-intensive society has changed the nature of business competition. Knowledge management becomes an important managerial task and formulating a sound innovation strategy is an integral part of strategic management. Adopting an institution-based view, this article argues that the institutional environment in the Asia Pacific region plays a multi-faceted role behind firms’ knowledge management and innovation strategy. Specifically, institutions impose rules for legitimacy, serve as a source of knowledge, and allocate incentives and resources for innovation. We believe that future research drawing on the institution-based view has significant potential to advance our understanding of knowledge management and innovation strategy in Asia Pacific firms.

数字化与企业绿色创新表现——基于增量与提质的双重效应识别

数字化赋予了国民经济与微观企业转型升级的动能。文章在对上市公司进行文本挖掘的基础上,综合MD&A部分数字化词频占比和无形资产数据等多个数据集以提高企业数字化指标的刻画质量,实证考察了其对企业绿色创新表现的影响。研究发现,数字化对企业绿色创新表现具有"增量提质"的双重效应,并且该结论在创新性地采用清朝城墙数据作为历史工具变量和国家级大数据试验区建设作为准自然实验等一系列稳健性检验后仍然显著成立。异质性分析表明,这一促进效应在政府环保补助较高和内部管控成本较低的企业、非重污染行业企业中更为明显;而当地环境治理和知识产权保护则为该过程的实现提供了支撑。机制分析表明,数字化作用于企业绿色创新的路径依赖于其缓解了(环境)信息约束问题,促使企业自主参与环境治理,并有效提升企业商业信用。文章研究不仅为理解数字技术发展对企业绿色创新表现的影响机理提供了微观实证依据,也为未来实现数字化与"双碳"目标的"共赢"提供了重要启示。     

The gains from specialization and population size

This note combines three ideas: the association of more people with new goods, the comparative advantages of individuals, and economic happiness. People may not be happier in a larger knowledge economy, but the gains from specialization are necessarily larger.     

The co-evolution of business incubation and national innovation systems in Taiwan

Incubation has already proven to be of great value in promoting small and medium enterprise (SME) entrepreneurship activities and technological development in developed and developing countries. Incubation not only provides a diversified and integrated service for entrepreneurial ventures but also contributes upward to regional and national innovation and economic growth. Building upon the logic of co-evolution theory, this paper argues that incubation acts at the meso-level as a critical interface between macro-innovation systems and micro-business ventures. These multi-directional coupling elements in innovation ecology co-evolve to achieve collective interests and excellence, which in turn may stimulate technological development and social change. Important processes/mechanisms, including a policy kit and action, strategic networking, supportive associations, knowledge and intellectual capital management, among others, are discussed. Drawing on the national innovation system (NIS) and business incubation (BI) experience in Taiwan, we discuss the future prospects of incubation and innovation policies, including industrializing and globalizing incubation activities and virtual business incubation.     

Coevolutionary cycles of convergence: An extrapolation from the ICT industry

Convergence between technologies can be regarded as an increasingly emerging trend, and has received particular attention in the coming-together of previously distinct products and solutions within the information and communication technologies (ICT) industry. In previous research, the overall impact of the convergence phenomenon remains ambiguous. Whereas some scholars suggest convergence to be associated with disintegration, entry and growth, others relate the phenomenon to opposite effects, such as consolidation and shakeouts. This inconsistency in managerial conceptions on convergence formulates a need for an integrated understanding. Within a multi-case study approach, the convergence within ICT has been observed through examining the coevolution of actors in a converging environment, and patterns in innovation dynamics and managerial responses have been identified. In reflection with existing models of innovation cycles, a model for convergence innovation processes is elaborated and discussed. In particular, the reasoning within the ICT case set is transferred onto the currently emerging entrepreneurial activities in the intersection between nano- and bio-technologies (NBT), resulting in a comparison between ICT and NBT convergences, and deriving recommendations from a retrospective to a predictive context.