An integrated decision-support approach in prioritizing risks of non-indigenous species in the face of high uncertainty

When evaluating the risks of future invasions, we often have sparse information on the likelihood that a species will arrive, establish and spread in a new environment, and on the potential impacts should this occur. Conventional risk assessment, therefore, is limited in providing guidance in managing the risk of non-indigenous species (NIS). However, risk management decisions must be made facing these uncertainties to avoid high and irreversible impacts.We develop an integrated ecological economic modeling and deliberative multi-criteria evaluation (DMCE) approach to support group decision-making in risk prioritization, using an example of ten NIS that could potentially impact Australian plant industries. This innovative approach seeks to combine the advantages of dynamic modeling with the benefits of DMCE in assessing and communicating uncertainty. The model unveils the complexity of the socio-ecological system of biological invasion, with a scenario analysis designed to interactively communicate scientific uncertainty to decision-makers. The DMCE provides a structured approach to identifying stakeholders' key concerns in addressing economic, social, and environmental dimensions of NIS risk explicitly. Functioning as a platform for risk communication, the DMCE also offers an opportunity for diverse views to enter the decision-making process and for the negotiation of consensus consensuses.     

The value of nonindigenous species risk assessment in international trade

Managing the introduction of nonindigenous species is becoming a major goal of policy-makers at regional, national and international scales. Here we investigate, at the national level, the ideal design and expected net benefits of a risk assessment program for evaluating the desirability of nonindigenous species imports. We show how to enhance the statistical rigor of such a system by correcting a common non-random sampling problem encountered in the data. This correction enables model output to be interpreted in an economically relevant way and facilitates a theoretically rigorous characterization of the balance between trade and nonindigenous species establishment risk. Using reptiles and amphibians imported to the U.S. as a case study, we characterize economic outcomes over a range of cases and demonstrate substantial expected returns to such a screening program, relative to the current effectively open-door policy. Our results are informative for the current debate in the U.S. about whether to require federal agencies to apply risk assessment before allowing a species for import. The framework presented decomposes a complex argument about risk management into component economic and statistical parts, allowing for debate and improved understanding over each element to inform the overall program in a transparent fashion.     

管理者过度自信与企业金融行为研究述评

行为金融学在放宽理性经济人假设的基础上,分别从投资者非理性和管理者非理性视角研究金融投资和企业决策。基于管理者非理性视角,从企业投资决策、融资决策以及股利分配决策等方面总结了管理者过度自信影响公司金融行为的研究成果,并就这一领域未来的研究方向提出了建议。     

高校领导决断力探微

决断力就是指高校领导或高校领导团队在高校管理实践中坚决果断地做出决策的能力,是高校领导力体系中的一个重要的组成部分,由高校领导决策能力和勇敢果断的性格品质两大核心内涵构成,并蕴藏其特殊的决断过程——“黑匣效应”。然而,在高校管理实践中,存在高校领导决断力的缺失现象。高校领导可以通过弄清决断过程,优化决策引力;提高分析判...     

精英与公民参与决策博弈的新视角——基于托马斯的有效决策模型

精英决策模式是众多民主国家普遍适用的公共决策模式。随着“强势民主”、“公民治理”的兴起及信息技术的提高,公民参与公共决策成为未来的发展趋势。有效决策模型解决了公民参与公共决策存在的无序性、非公益性及非均衡性等问题,为我国公共决策模式的发展提供了指导方向,我国应坚持精英主导下的公民参与公共决策模式。     

供应链需求信息共享中信息泄露的机理研究

文章针对供应链成员间共享信息被频繁泄露及其对供应链运作产生的不良后果,构建了单个供应商和两个数量竞争的零售商组成的供应链的信息泄露模型,研究了需求信息不对称条件下需求信息泄露的产生机理,指出供应商为了获得更多收益,会将具有需求信息优势的零售商的私有信息泄露给其他零售商,并在此基础上探讨了需求状况以及零售商销售产品的类型对需求信息泄露行为的影响。     

多重目标决策在企业管理中的应用

本文通过对多重目标综合决策的方法改进,对几家企业的经营管理进行评估.结果表明,这种方法能使评判结果更客观地、合理地、正确地反映事实的本来面目.     

测拟合度与投资价值研究

笔者采用方向测度变量和序次测度变量,运用logistic模型来研究盈利预测的拟合程度以及潜在的投资价值影响动因。结论表明:不可控因素和可控因素对盈利预测的拟合度同时产生着影响。由于中国证券市场监管体系不健全,盈利预测信息的质量不能令人满意。投资者必须充分考虑到公司盈利预测信息的局限性,对资产利用效率差、偏重非主营业务的公司的预测尤其要采取谨慎的态度;而对上市公司来说,做盈利预测时应采取实事求是的态度,为投资者提供真正有用的决策工具。     

城市既有居住建筑绿色改造决策权配置研究

城市既有居住建筑绿色改造决策过程复杂烦琐、难度较大,明晰决策主体构成、合理配置决策权是实现决策有效性的关键着力点。利用2-模网络分析方法,从整体视角分析主要利益相关者对绿色改造项目的影响力,进而明确决策主体结构化组成;然后基于局部视角,以决策主体为权利载体实现决策权可视化,探明决策权在不同阶段、不同主体下的特征演变规律,提出决策权配置新思路。研究表明:社区自治组织、改造区域业主及政府部门构成决策核心主体;随着决策过程的推进,控制决策权由核心主体向决策参与主体发生动态转移和分散,从而使决策过程趋向民主、客观及合理化。基于上述研究结果,构建决策权配置框架,并提出针对性建议及措施以保证决策权有效实现。     

乐山产业经济发展现状及研究

本文通过对乐山市整个区域的三大产业经济发展现状进行分析,得出乐山市的三大产业在各个片区发展不平衡,产业内部发展不平衡、没有形成科技创新体系、科学决策机制不完善等阻碍经济发展问题,并对乐山市三大产业经济的均衡发展提出建议。