中小企业融资难的新解读

中小企业融资难问题已成为制约我国市场经济体制改革的重要因素。对主要发达国家经验的梳理,可以得到解决该问题的一般规律。基于我国中小企业发展的特点、金融系统结构失衡、政府职能错位三个方面的解读,可以发现我国中小企业融资难问题具有特殊性。本文提出的建议,包括构建"银政合作"模式,推进金融体制改革,创建中小型金融机构。     

China's Foreign Aid at a Transitional Stage

By estimating China's foreign aid as a proxy for China's bilateral Official Development Assistance and by analyzing its implementation structure and policy, this paper sheds some light on China's foreign aid activities, which have been at a transitional stage. Based on our estimates, the level of foreign aid in terms of net disbursement has increased sharply since 2004, reaching around US$7.1 billion in 2013. Some measures to strengthen the implementation structure to deal with this expansion have been introduced by the central government; however, this transition process needs more time. To facilitate this process, China is attempting to absorb knowhow on development assistance from multilateral institutions and Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development's Development Assistance Committee countries that are eager to share their knowledge, with the expectation that China will eventually play a major role in international development.     

基于三螺旋理论的瑞典政产学合作模式研究

高效的创新体系是瑞典保持国家创新能力和国际竞争力的主要原因，而政产学网络化合作模式是瑞典创新体系的核心环节。在瑞典政产学合作模式下，政府起着创新引领作用，企业起着创新主体作用，大学和研究机构起着创新执行作用，政府、企业和大学相互作用，共同合作，实现三螺旋式上升发展。在我国创新体系建设中，要进一步明确我国政府指导性与服务性的双重角色定位，重视企业的创新主体作用，实现人才培养格局的多元化并完善科技成果转化机制。     

俄罗斯科技型初创企业:值得关注的中俄科技合作伙伴

在实施以创新为核心的国家发展战略的背景下,俄罗斯涌现出一批致力于前沿科技研发及高科技产品的科技型初创企业。这些科技型初创企业发展的主要原因在于俄罗斯政府的作用:出台法律法规,鼓励科研单位和高校创办企业;搭建平台,推动重点领域科技研发;拓展资助渠道,为创新项目提供定制化金融服务;实施专项计划,重点支持应用研究的发展;启动知识产权私有化,推动智力成果的实际应用;等等。该类企业大多具有2个突出特点:在创始人或项目参与者中,年轻人比重较大;主要从事信息通讯、生物医药、节能和能源、航天技术等战略性技术领域的研发。通过研究俄罗斯科技型初创企业的发展原因及突出特点,对中俄在高技术和创新领域的合作提出了具体建议。     

HOW COOPERATIVE ARE SAVINGS AND CREDIT COOPERATIVES IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES?: AN ANALYSIS OF DATASETS FROM UGANDA

Building successful savings and credit cooperatives (SACCOs) that actually embody the cooperative principles is a challenge to development agencies. Although SACCOs form the majority of microfinance providers in many developing countries, the most recent literature on microfinance governance and performance has given little reference to the longstanding body of relevant cooperative literature. SACCO representation in microfinance datasets is biased. Drawing on so‐far unexploited datasets of Ugandan SACCOs and savings groups, this paper empirically analyses policy debate regarding SACCO‐ and savings group regulation. The findings point to the relevance of practically implementing the principle of ‘cooperation between cooperatives’ to ensure effective governance at SACCO level. Moreover, the paper introduces two new measures, based on members' savings and shares, which could become useful tools to track the application of cooperative principles in developing countries, and hence improve evidence‐based policy‐making for SACCOs.     

深化漳台产业合作的几点思考

立足漳州市情，深化漳台产业对接，构建具有核心竞争力的现代产业体系，是落实“海西建设，漳州先行”发展战略的重要举措。比较分析漳台产业的互补性，运用经济学原理论证漳台产业对接的现实性与可行性，并提出深化漳台产业合作曲建议。     

网络经济下的企业竞合关系的演变

随着信息技术的快速发展，社会经济转型加速，网络经济已经形成并迅速发展。企业的经济运行环境随之发生了巨大的变化，传统的企业间竞合关系认识以及相关战略已经很难适应网络经济下企业的发展需要。本文在回顾西方经济理论关于合作的理论的基础上，从网络经济的诸多特征出发，依据交易成本理论和博弈论方法分析了网络经济下企业广泛开展合作的动因，并介绍了企业合作的实现形式。     

Global competition and cooperation in the electronics industry: the case of X-ray equipment, 1900–1970

The electronics industry is often regarded by scholars as an example of a sector driven by endless technological innovation and major competition between a few large companies, thus embodying the common view whereby the free market leads firms to innovate. On the other hand, some business historians have also emphasised that, since the beginning of the twentieth century, most of these companies were engaged in various international cartel agreements. The business and economic history literature on this industry reveals a clear-cut divide between the inter-war years and the post-war era. In this paper, however, we argue that technical and commercial cooperation between large electronics companies continued in various forms despite the spread of anti-trust policies after 1945. In this case study, we explore the global X-ray equipment industry from its beginnings around 1900 to the advent of the CT scanner in the early 1970s. The paper focuses on Siemens and Philips, the two largest manufacturers of radiological equipment. It demonstrates that both companies pursued their commercial and technical cooperation at least until the 1970s, although it was much less overt as during the interwar years.     

区域合作的制度基础:跨界治理理论与欧盟经验

区域合作是促进区域协调发展的重要形式。如何克服现有行政区划障碍与解决各合作方经济发展不平衡这“两个难题”是保证合作可持续发展的关键。解决这两个难题不是一个单纯的基于比较优势理论的资源配置或产业分工的问题,而是要建立合作的制度基础。文章尝试从“跨界治理”的视角,借鉴欧盟的跨界治理经验,研究我国区域经济合作的制度基础,提出建立一个符合市场经济原则的跨界治理体系,为推动中国区域经济合作提供一种新的路径参考。     

我国加强区域经济合作的对策

区域经济合作促进了区内贸易的优先发展,同时对多边贸易体制形成了强有力的冲击。我国加强区域经济合作的对策是形成并完善中国的区域经济合作框架,有步骤、有层次、渐行式推进区域和次区域经济合作,推动全方位、多极化的全球经济合作网络。