基于威廉姆森分析范式的农村集体建设用地市场交易费用研究——南海区1872份市场交易数据和372份调研数据供给侧分析

研究目的:应用1872份市场交易数据和372份调研数据,对南海区农村集体建设用地市场交易费用及影响因素进行实证分析。研究方法:Tobit模型。研究结果:从1872份市场交易数据归纳出市场特征:市场交易形式存在明显的偏向性,"以租代让"现状普遍存在;土地细碎化程度较强;契约期限大部分都在5年以下,交易周期较短,交易频率较高。根据372份调研数据对市场交易费用的研究结果表明,集体经济组织自组织化是市场有效交易的重要制度变迁;政府干预代表市场化程度,市场化程度越高,交易费用相对较低;交易双方信息越对称、信息透明度越高、市场越规范,市场的不确定性越低,集体经济组织将面临的市场风险越低,其交易费用将越低。研究结论:为了提高集体建设用地市场发展的有效性,交易标的产权清晰是前提,交易公开化、透明化,减少政府在市场交易过程中干预,降低交易的不确定性。     

Consumer behaviour in the credit card market: a banking case study

This paper analysed the demographic, socio‐economic and banking‐specific determinants that influence the choice of credit cards. A multinomial logit model was run on a recent portfolio of banking customers based in Italy. The model incorporates the type of credit cards as the dependent variable and a set of explanatory variables. The empirical results provided useful insight into the structural characteristics of the card payment system and offered a microeconomics perspective to analyse consumers' behaviour and preferences. Overall, women, older people, residents in the centre of Italy and secondary card owners are more likely to acquire a classic card. Gold cards are preferred by older customers, whereas younger clients have a higher probability to choose a revolving card, which is also preferred by the residents in the North‐east. The analysis on the continuous variables highlighted that Italy can be regarded as a ‘conservative’ market with room for credit card upgrading and expansion into more sophisticated products.     

Economics and Management Theory: New Developments in France

Management theory, initially mostly concerned with establishing a set of normative principles aiming to train practicing managers, has developed a substantial body of theory and several original strands of research. It has traditionally drawn its inspiration largely from economic theory, but has integrated elements of sociology, law and social psychology, among other disciplines. In France, a set of relevant recent and innovative approaches come from recent developments in economic theory gathered generally under the label of 'economics of conventions. 'The paper attempts to characterize the main features of the'economics of conventions' and the ways in which it is relevant and provides fruitful new approaches to management theory.     

空间视角下生产性服务业集聚对城市土地集约利用的影响研究

研究目的:从空间视角研究生产性服务业集聚对中国城市土地集约利用的决定作用,为新型城镇化建设进程中合理安排城市产业布局、促进土地利用方式转变、实现城市经济和土地集约利用协同发展提供新思路。研究方法:空间计量分析法。研究结果:中国城市间生产性服务业集聚和土地集约利用在地理分布上具有显著空间关联性;全国层面,生产性服务业通过专业化集聚、多样化集聚产生的技术外溢效应和集聚规模产生的规模经济效应显著提高了城市土地集约利用水平;分板块层面,生产性服务业多样化集聚和集聚规模对城市土地集约利用的正向效应呈现东、中、东北、西部板块依次递减现象,而专业化集聚对城市土地集约利用的技术外溢效应在西部地区更明显。研究结论:提升生产性服务业集聚水平、促进产业结构优化和人口集聚有利于中国城市集约利用土地资源。     

Key socio-economic factors influencing sustainable land management investments in the West Usambara Highlands,Tanzania

Low investments in sustainable land management (SLM) limit agricultural production in the East African Highlands, leading to increased soil erosion, low productivity of land and food insecurity. Recent studies in the region show that different socio-economic factors influence SLM investments by farmers, but knowledge on which of these are most influential and how to foster SLM is often lacking. This research fills this gap for the West Usambara Highlands, and determines key socio-economic factors influencing investments in SLM. Data for this research was collected from 196 randomly selected farm households in the Lushoto district, and Factor Analysis was used to reveal patterns of correlation between SLM investments and different household characteristics. Among the eight socioeconomic factors generated by Factor Analysis, four key factors were found to significantly influence SLM investments in upland (mainly rain-fed) agricultural fields: (1) the farmer’s access to support services; (2) the farmer’s experience with collaborative land management; (3) the household’s income from crop sales; and (4) the farmer’s forward driven attitude. The study concludes that a strategy to foster and scale-up SLM in the West Usambara Highlands should therefore improve the access of farmers to support services (especially micro-credits), trigger collaborative efforts in land management (e.g., farmer-to-farmer training) and promote investments in the rural area to create an enabling environment for SLM. A more active role of the Government, together with public and private sector partners, is therefore crucial.     

Adjusting policy to institutional,cultural and biophysical context conditions: The case of conservation banking in California

This paper examines the political construction of a policy instrument for matching particular institutional, biophysical and cultural context conditions in a social–ecological system, using the case of conservation banking in California as an example. The guiding research question is: How is policy design negotiated between various actors on its way from early formulation of ideas and principles to an accepted policy solution on a state or national level? The underlying assumption is that in order for a policy instrument to be implemented, it has to be adjusted to various context conditions. That is, it has to become accepted by affected actors associated with the institutional framework, and it has to gain local validity for implementation by actors related to a particular ecological and cultural context. We assume that ideas about policy adjustments are not only functionalistic questions determined for example by the materiality of the resource it governs, but are constructed and politically negotiated because these ideas may differ among the mental models of the associated actors. These actors are stakeholders affiliated with the policy process, i.e. authorities, public and private organizations, interest groups, firms or think tanks dealing with, or being shaped by, the policy at different stages of its development.As a result certain context conditions and related concerns such as institutional interplay or match to ecological particularities become inscribed in policy design as an outcome of power struggles, values, and interests. These in turn may vary at different stages of policy development and implementation. Each time the instrument is transferred in a new setting it is likely that the incipient policy design may be opened-up and begin a mutual adjustment process among the newly concerned actors. Thus, such policy developments are not immutable but are dynamic. In this paper, the creation of fit for policies on conservation banking to the issue of species protection in the State of California and later to the U.S. environmental governance domain, are analyzed to understand the instrument's emergence and development toward an established policy solution. The focus is on the negotiation processes among the enrolled actors and their strategies for matching the instrument to certain institutional, cultural and ecological context conditions on different scales. Changes in policy design, its underlying influences, actors’ interests, conflicts and perceived effects are identified, respectively.     

杭州市区LUCC与社会经济的关系研究

土地是人类绝大部分活动的空间载体。人类的活动与土地利用和土地覆盖变化(Land Use/Cover Change,简称LUCC)息息相关。改革开放后,杭州市区LUCC较显著,与人口、经济发展、生活水平、交通运输等因子有着密切的联系。本文在对杭州市区遥感影像分类基础上,运用转移矩阵对其进行土地类型分析。结果表明各个阶段杭州市区建筑面积增加,大量耕地转化为建筑用地,在2000年后转化速度较快。这是杭州城市化的必然结果。通过主成分分析发现交通运输因子在各个因子间更具有代表性,但对各个LUCC进行逐步回归分析发现林地、水体的面积和人口的相关性较高,建筑、耕地的面积分别与城镇人均居住面积成高度的正、负相关。人口和人均居住面积是市区LUCC的关键因素。     

基于RBF神经网络的高光谱遥感影像降维及分类

高光谱遥感影像数据量大,针对该特点,为尽可能保留数据中有价值的信息,首先采用线性判别分析(Linear Discriminant Analysis,LDA)方法对高光谱遥感影像数据进行降维,接着应用径向基函数(Radial Basis Function,RBF)神经网络方法对其进行分类处理。实验结果表明,分类精度可达到70%以上,具有良好的分类效果,证明了该方法的可行性。     

机构共同持股与公司透明度

随着我国资本市场的发展,监管机构和市场投资者对上市公司信息披露的质量提出更高要求,而作为重要的利益相关者,共同机构投资者连结企业之间的经济关联在资本市场中越来越常见,探讨机构共同持股对公司透明度的影响对于完善和发展我国证券市场具有深刻意义。本文以2007-2019年A股上市公司为研究样本,考察机构共同持股对公司透明度的影响。实证结果表明,机构共同持股能够显著提高公司透明度。同时,进一步研究发现,机构共同持股通过减少恶性竞争、降低披露的专有成本和缓解代理问题,降低代理成本这两条路径提高公司透明度。在国有企业、创新型企业中,机构共同持股更能提高公司透明度。本文结论为推进股票发行注册制,进一步完善以信息披露为核心的制度体系提供了理论指导,为资本市场信息环境的改善提供了理论支持。     

Philanthropic disaster relief giving as a response to institutional pressure: Evidence from China

This paper investigates if firms under high institutional pressure donate more to disaster relief than firms under lower institutional pressure. By taking Chinese listed companies' donations to May 12, 2008 Wenchuan earthquake as the sample, this research finds that large firms and firms who have political ties donate a significant more to disaster relief than smaller firms and firms who do not have political ties. But the findings indicate that state-owned enterprises (SOEs) donate no more than non SOEs, and service companies donate significantly less than non-service companies. The results of this research partly support the institutional point of view of corporate philanthropy. Firms under high institutional pressure are more likely to donate more than firms facing lower institutional pressure.