A composite indicator of social inclusion for EU based on the inverted BoD model

In this paper, after reviewing the existing modeling approaches for reverse indicators, we opt for the use of the inverted Benefit-of-the-doubt (IBoD) model when all the considered indicators are reverse, as is the case with composite indicators related to social inclusion. Using EU data for 2014 we provide comparative empirical results using the IBoD model and three data transformations employed by previous studies. We also provide a thorough analysis of the performance of EU countries during the period 2011–2020 in terms of the composite indicator obtained from the IBoD model. Our empirical results indicate that relative performance across the EU has neither improved nor deteriorated and there is evidence supporting local instead of global convergence in social inclusion with certain groups of countries.     

数字化与创新之悖论：数字化是否促进了企业创新——基于开放式创新理论的解释

在数字经济加快发展和创新驱动发展战略实施的背景下,数字化与企业创新之间是否存在悖论,数字化是否必然促进企业创新?文章基于开放式创新理论,通过构建数字化影响企业创新的理论模型,阐述了数字化通过学习效应和竞争效应对企业创新的影响。在此基础上,利用2008-2019年A股制造业上市公司数据,考察了数字化对企业创新的影响及其异质性影响机制。结果表明:数字化与企业创新之间呈现倒U型关系,即当数字化低于拐点时,数字化有利于促进企业创新,而当数字化高于拐点时,数字化会抑制企业创新;异质性影响机制上,数字化对企业创新的倒U型影响效应在高新技术行业和知识产权保护程度较高行业以及吸收能力强企业、小企业和非国有企业中更明显;进一步分析发现,相较于数字化追赶型企业和后进型企业,数字化对企业创新的倒U型影响效应只存在于领先型企业中。数字化硬件投资与企业创新存在倒U型关系,但数字化软件投资却有助于促进企业创新。文章拓展了数字化与企业创新的相关研究,可以为当前企业更好借力数字化提升创新能力提供参考,具有一定的理论价值和实践意义。