现代经济学的西方化与中国经济学人的边缘化--经济学队伍中地区结构失衡的文化因素探析

现代主流经济学队伍中存在明显的区域结构失衡,有影响的中国经济学人以及受儒家文化影响的学者非常罕见。究其原因在于,现代主流经济学具有强烈的“西方化”特征：不仅反映的是西方人的心理、思维及行为,而且较为适用于西方社会的现实环境,从而极大地限制了中国经济学人的研究及其相应的贡献。文章认为经济学理论本身都嵌入在特定的文化和心理意识之中,中国经济学人要在经济学领域取得广为认同的学术贡献,必须构建嵌入本土文化和心理意识的中国经济学范式。     

积极心理学在旅游学研究中的应用

积极心理学是心理学研究的一个新思潮。它关注人类的积极品质,探索人类的美德,主张用开放的、欣赏的眼光去看待人类的潜能、动机和能力等。积极心理学不仅契合社会发展背景,而且迎合民众追求幸福的心理,因此其在学术研究和普通民众中的影响力日渐增加。在澳大利亚旅游心理学家菲利普·皮尔斯等(Philip Pearce,et al.)的引荐下,旅游学,一门致力于提升个人和社会的和谐发展与幸福指数的学科,也开始关注积极心理学的应用。文章首先阐述积极心理学的基本主张,注重条理化归纳,然后对积极心理学与旅游学的融合研究做重点述评,注重客观的应用性拓展研究介绍,最后结合国内外的研究现状和国内实情,认为积极心理学在旅游学研究中具有广泛的应用和提升空间,创新的核心是融合中国传统与当代文化,做有深度的研究。结合国内外研究现状,文章提出三个创新提升方向:关注旅游社区的居民福祉,聚焦旅游与游客个人发展、社会和谐的关系,关注日益庞大的老年旅游群体。     

Application of appreciative inquiry in tourism research in rural communities

Appreciative inquiry is a participatory research method based on positive psychology. Founded upon grounded theory and the social constructivist paradigm, appreciative inquiry is a simple, effective, and epistemologically sound tool to understand the rural population’s knowledge, needs, and priorities without alienating them from research. Based on the study conducted to comprehend the interrelationships among conservation, livelihood, and tourism development in three rural communities located in the vicinity of Chitwan National Park, Nepal, this study argues that appreciative inquiry can be a useful tool for conducting tourism research in rural communities. This study employs five steps, including grounding, discovery, dream, design, and destiny.     

女大学生就业心理分析

女大学生是大学校园中的一个特殊群体,由于受主观因素、家庭和学校因素、社会因素等影响,她们在就业时往往会产生一些消极心理,最突出的表现就是焦虑恐惧心理;嫉妒虚荣心理;盲目从众心理;固执和狭隘心理,为此,高校应特别重视女大学生的就业心理,并通过培养她们的社会实践能力与独立生存能力,科学分析就业形势与正确自我评价.心理调节与专家咨询等措施对其加以正确引导.     

广告设计中的色彩应用

色彩是构成广告的重要因素,一幅成功的广告必然是色彩运用搭配得最好、最合理的广告。因此,作为设计者要想灵活地应用色彩,发挥好色彩的作用,就需要对色彩与心理的一般关系、广告色彩的作用、色彩在广告应用中的特性等方面进行深入研究,提高运用色彩的能力。     

Public system usability analysis for the valuation of cognitive burden and interface standardization: A case study of cross-ATM design

Humans are unable to effectively handle machines that have poor interface and interaction patterns. The Automated Teller Machine (ATM) is one of the machines that is most frequently operated by a wide spectrum of people. Hence, it is common to apply Human–Computer Interaction (HCI) technology in the design of ATMs. User–ATM interaction, however, has barriers such as a user’s working memory limit, lower literacy level, or lack of awareness and access. Moreover, the diversity of interfaces hurt user motivation, perception, and experience significantly. For example, each bank has its own ATM design targeting its customers only and, thus, when clients of other banks come across such a machine, they suffer from cognitive burden and commit many errors. To this end, we conduct an analytical survey of ATMs used in Pakistan through user analysis and heuristics analysis. We figure out the influence of design diversity and user perception on ATM users’ cognitive stress with the cognitive walkthrough analysis on the survey. We also uncover a realism-usability gap by reviewing the sampled ATM screens from the viewpoint of HCI heuristics. Finally, we suggest the guidelines on the cross-ATM design, characterized by the standardized fast-cash menu and the fail-safe mechanism for novices. This study demonstrates that users are reluctant to switch out of their comfort zones, due to learning costs and a lack of motivation. Therefore, we should design public systems in a very standardized way, which becomes more crucial for a user’s cognitive relief as interface and design patterns are becoming more diverse in our daily lives.     

Overlooked encounters: young tourists' experiences at dark sites

This research note reviews the existing literature comprised of dark tourism articles and chapters mentioning children. Publications meeting the search criteria were few. Accordingly, we offer possible reasons for the scarcity of research on children in dark tourism, including the legal constraints when researching with minors, the academic risk in undertaking a new field of research, and the substantial expertise needed to engage children in studies. We conclude with the compelling reasons to undertake such research: to inform interpretation of emotionally provocative sites for children, to understand and mitigate children's psychological distress at dark sites, and to advance theoretical work on children as tourists.     

图式理论及其在阅读教学中的应用

根据图式阅读理论,读者的阅读能力由三种图式构成:语言图式、内容图式和结构图式;阅读的过程是读者在语篇水平各个层次上的自上而下和自下而上两种信息处理方式相互作用的过程。提高学生的阅读能力,应注意加强综合阅读、语言图式,利用语篇和文化背景知识进行阅读教学。     

基于流变—突变理论的城市突发事件群体心理发展规律研究

城市的发展离不开人,而城市突发事件的发生给城市公众造成了较大的心理影响,城市公众在产生巨大心理恐慌的同时,会对政府的执政能力产生怀疑,这对于城市的发展是极为不利的。为了避免城市突发事件下群体心理的形成,基于流变—突变理论,分析了城市突发事件下群体心理的发展规律,提出了避免群体心理形成的有效措施。研究结果表明：城市突发事件发生后,群体心理的形成遵循流变到突变的规律,政府通过及时有效的应急救援,并避免谣言与流言的传播,能够有效降低群体心理的形成,避免次生社会安全事件的发生。