“银根紧缩”政策下我国地方国资资产证券化的发展诉求及策略

在＂银根紧缩＂政策影响下,地方国资资产证券化既是地方政府实现直接融资的＂抓手＂,也是促进当地经济发展的＂推手＂。要完成十二.五时期地方政府确定的经济社会发展目标,地方国资资产证券化将是一条有效率的直接融资途径。因此,积极探索＂银根紧缩＂政策下我国地方国资资产证券化的发展诉求及策略具有重要意义。     

The historical significance of the revaluation of fixed assets in Japan's state-owned railway system, 1955-6

The Government Railways of Japan (GRJ) established a fixed assets accounting system on the accruals basis after the Second World War. The revaluation of tangible fixed assets was indispensable for GRJ's introduction of depreciation in 1948. GRJ scheduled the revaluation to secure a reasonable depreciation expense, because the company had applied the replacement method to all tangible fixed assets since its foundation in 1869. At the same time, GRJ assumed the balance of the revaluation reserve account to be a means of dealing with possible future accumulated losses.     

现行收益比率指标存在的问题及改进建议

通过对现行收益指标的全面剖析，发现其在实际操作中存在的种种问题以及容易引起的误导，并建设性地提出一些改进思路及见解。     

Some Problems with Replacement Cost Asset Measurement for External Accounting Reports with Imperfect Markets

This article uses a well-known model of economics to examine the validity of replacement cost asset measures based on the value to the owner theory for external accounting reports in an environment of imperfect markets. The value to the owner model which uses 'opportunity value' reasoning is found to have validity in only a few market environments. Some problems concerning the applicability of replacement cost asset measures, where these are founded on value to the owner reasoning, are discussed.     

Incomplete markets: transverse financial structures

Summary. In a multiperiod economy with incomplete markets and assets with payoff depending on the price history (e.g., asset and derivatives), we show that in order to get endowment generic existence of an equilibrium it is not needed to alter settlement features such as when payments are made and when the asset is traded. This is non-trivial as each such characteristic introduces a non-generic subclass of financial instruments. We show essentially that expiry date payments are the only payments that one needs perturbing (if at all). For previous periods - the P&L discovery map - is the one relevant for wealth transfers. This map transfers wealth between one period and the next by associating to each portfolio next period potential profit and losses as a function of the revealed information at the node. All present values involved can in general - because of backward induction pricing structure - be appropriately controlled via expiry payoffs only. This enables us to extend two-period work and introduce Transverse Financial Structures for multiperiod economies, where one cannot identify the payoffs of financial instruments to the P&L discovery map (in other words we introduce some financial ingeneering for Transverse Financial Structures). We capitalize on that difference using unexploited “maturity payout degrees of freedom” and rolling back the uncertainty tree. As an application of this approach we prove a conjecture by Magill and Quinzii that commodity forward contracts lead to endowment generic existence of an equilibrium in a multiperiod set-up. Received: June 25, 1999; revised version: April 4, 2001     

Physical energy cost serves as the “invisible hand” governing economic valuation: Direct evidence from biogeochemical data and the U.S. metal market

Energy supply is mandatory for the production of economic value. Nevertheless, tradition dictates that an enigmatic “invisible hand” governs economic valuation. Physical scientists have long proposed alternative but testable energy cost theories of economic valuation, and have shown the gross correlation between energy consumption and economic output at the national level through input-output energy analysis. However, due to the difficulty of precise energy analysis and highly complicated real markets, no decisive evidence directly linking energy costs to the selling prices of individual commodities has yet been found. Over the past century, the US metal market has accumulated a huge body of price data, which for the first time ever provides us the opportunity to quantitatively examine the direct energy-value correlation. Here, by analyzing the market price data of 65 purified chemical elements (mainly metals) relative to the total energy consumption for refining them from naturally occurring geochemical conditions, we found a clear correlation between the energy cost and their market prices. The underlying physics we proposed has compatibility with conventional economic concepts such as the ratio between supply and demand or scarcity's role in economic valuation. It demonstrates how energy cost serves as the “invisible hand” governing economic valuation. Thorough understanding of this energy connection between the human economic and the Earth's biogeochemical metabolism is essential for improving the overall energy efficiency and furthermore the sustainability of the human society.     

上市公司资产评估与交易定价关系研究——基于2010年上市公司数据分析

本文以2010年沪深两市上市公司资产评估与交易定价为研究对象,对沪深两市整体资产评估与交易定价情况进行描述性统计,并结合行业、交易类型、板块等因素分析评估价值和交易价格之间的关系,研究表明,上市公司资产评估价值已经成为交易定价的重要参考依据,行业、交易类型、板块因素对评估价值和交易价格之间的关系存在一定影响。     

以居民金融资产的保值增值为重要目标——深化金融体制改革的顶层设计思考

将居民金融资产保值增值作为我国金融体制下一步改革的重要目标,符合中央将改善和保障民生作为加快转变经济发展方式根本出发点和落脚点的战略部署,有利于将30年改革开放的物质成果落实到普通居民身上,有利于支持实体经济发展和拉动内需,也有利于社会稳定与和谐社会建设。我们提出的具体建议是:为了协调各方面关系,搞好下一步金融体制改革,我们应转变理念,统一思想;在方法论上坚持"顶层设计"与"摸着石头过河"并行;在中央财经领导小组办公室内专设金融体制改革领导小组;完善金融投资者保护机制;对金融机构的经营和分配制度进行改革;建立健全金融消费者权利保护机制;进一步整顿和维护金融秩序等等。     

利率市场化对商业银行利差变动的影响分析—基于资产负债结构的计量框架与实证研究

基于科学区分总体利差变动与利率市场化政策导致的利差变动的思路,从中央银行基准利率调控和商业银行资产负债结构差异入手,研究利率市场化对商业银行存贷利差变动的影响。结果显示,利率市场化对存款利率新增上浮区间的影响明显加大,而对贷款利率新增下浮区间的影响总体较小,利率市场化不是当前净利差收窄的主要原因。     

高校无形资产预算管理初探

无形资产是我国高校的宝贵财富,但目前大多数高校无形资产管理处于空白状态,无形资产的预算管理更是如此。本文试从分析高校无形资产预算管理现状背后的原因出发,尝试把全面预算管理引入到无形资产到管理中。