Cash Management of Malaysian Banks

ABSTRACT

This study aims to identify seasonal variations in the form of day of the week, month of the year, and time of the month effects on the demand and supply of cash based on daily cash data obtained from a sample of banks in Malaysia. This information would increase the efficiency of vault cash management policies of banks, which would in turn increase the profitability of banks since the degree to which banks optimize their vault cash holding has revenue and cost implications. These seasonal effects have been tested using the one-way ANOVA technique, and the findings revealed that the demand for general cash among Malaysian banks has been on the decline throughout the years due to the introduction of new channels of delivery. There was also sufficient statistical evidence, though to varying extent, that indicates the presence of month of the year and time of the month effects on bank's demand for and supply of cash.     

New Zealand Bank Mergers and Efficiency Gains

ABSTRACT

This paper uses accounting ratios and DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis) to explore the efficiency impacts of 6 bank mergers in New Zealand between 1989 and 1998. The paper is the first reported application of DEA to the New Zealand banking sector, and its methodology is based around that used by Avkiran in his study published in the Journal of Banking and Finance in 1999 (Avkiran, 1999b).

Consistent with earlier research, acquiring banks were found to be generally larger than their targets, although they were not consistently more efficient. In a majority of cases the merger led to an increase in efficiency, consistent with a trend observed for the banking sector as a whole. No clear conclusions could be drawn on possible public benefits from the mergers.     

强制执行与金融制度创新初探

在司法实践中人民法院与金融部门有时存在工作冲突。采用在国内贸易中实行信用证制度、建立个人信用制度、设立企业银行帐户区域电脑联网查询系统、大力发展现金代用品等措施,可避免或减少工作冲突,改善执行局面。     

我国银行业税收制度研究

最近几年来,随着国内银行业的发展,特别是部分国有商业银行股改上市进程的推进,税收已经成为影响商业银行在资本市场表现的重要因素,现行税制中的一些矛盾开始显现,对税收制度进行改革的呼声日渐高涨.但对现行银行业税制到底存在什么样的问题和需要怎么改革等问题却是众说纷纭.本文在对税收基本理论和我国银行业税收制度现状及其实施效果进行介绍和分析的基础上,结合国外银行业税制的现状和发展方向,探讨我国银行业现行税制在合理性、公平性、均衡性方面存在的主要问题,对其改革的总体思路和具体内容设计进行研究,以期为我国银行业税制改革提供政策性建议.     

Is Government Regulation of Banks Necessary?

Banks have been involved with and regulated by governments for hundreds of years. Following a brief review of this history, I delineate nine reasons that could justify continued regulation, particularly in the United States. These include deposit insurance, preventing banks from obtaining excessive economic power, reducing the cost of individual bank insolvency, avoiding the effects of bank failures on the economy, protecting the payments system, serving the interests of popularly elected officials, enhancing the Federal Reserve's control over the money supply, suppressing competition, and protecting consumers. Analysis of each leads me to conclude that deposit insurance, which allows banks to hold insufficient capital, is the only public-policy-justifiable rationale for regulation. This concern can be managed with capital requirements; otherwise, banks should only be regulated as are other corporations.     

从银行监管的视角看美国的次级债危机

美国次级债危机发生和处理为我国的金融监管提供了一次很好的学习和总结机会。本文以为:①我国监管当局要高度重视住房按揭贷款的风险;②要理顺监管体制,加强资产证券化业务的监管和指导;③金融当局要加强危机处理能力;④要稳步推进混业经营,规范商业银行金融创新中的信息披露。     

Usury and Just Compensation: Religious and Financial Ethics in Historical Perspective

Usury is a concept often associated more with religiously based financial ethics, whether Christian or Islamic, than with the secular world of contemporary finance. The problem is compounded by a tendency to interpret riba, prohibited within Islam, as both usury and interest, without adequately distinguishing these concepts. This paper argues that in Christian tradition usury has always evoked the notion of money demanded in excess of what is owed on a loan, disrupting a relationship of equality between people, whereas interest was seen as referring to just compensation to the lender. Although it is often claimed that hostility towards ‘usury’ has been in retreat in the West since the protestant Reformation, we would argue that the crucial break came not with Calvin, but with Jeremy Bentham, whose critique of the arguments of Adam Smith, upholding the reasonableness of the laws against usury, led to the abolition of the usury laws in England in 1854. There has to be a role for law, whether Islamic or secular, in regulating financial relationships. We argue that by retrieving the necessary distinction between demanding usury as illegitimate predatory lending and interest as legitimate compensation, we can discover common ground behind the driving principles of financial ethics within both Islamic and Christian tradition that may still be of relevance today. By re-examining past ethical discussions of the distinction between usury and just compensation, we argue that the world’s religious traditions can make significant contributions to contemporary debate. Constant Mews is Director of the Centre for Studies in Religion and Theology at Monash University. He holds PhD and Masters degrees in medieval history, and pursues research in medieval religion, thought and ethics. Ibrahim Abraham is a PhD student in the School of Political and Social Inquiry, Monash University, with degrees in religion studies as well as law. His research interests include religion and culture, fair trade, and human rights.     

价值的平衡：论欧盟银行一体化中消费者保护政策的发展

在已过去的将近50年间,欧洲关于消费者保护和银行这两个领域的立法都发生了巨大的变化。并且,这两个领域或者通过立法或者通过法院判例在经常地相互影响。尤其是欧盟,其消费者保护的政策和立法对银行监管削度产生了非常重要的影响。本文对欧盟的共同体机构如何运用消费者保护的政策来影响银行一体化立法的历程和所取得的成果进行详尽的分析,希望能够引起对国际金融监管中的新走向——消费者保护的高度重视。