公司治理结构研究中的误区

国有公司治理结构不能用委托代理论分析,原因在于全民与国家之间的关系不是委托代理关系。国有公司治理结构中行政权力授予关系是基本的,市场合约关系是辅助的。产权决定论认定国有企业的改革只要进行产权制度改革就会搞好,论据并不充分。明晰界定产权是建立有效公司治理结构的前提和基础,但并不能自动带来企业的有效治理和高效率。国有企业只有从依赖政府转向市场竞争,不懈地追求管理控制,才能使企业组织发生变化,从而提高劳动生产率。     

西方经济学中的社会保障理论批判

西方社会保障理论是围绕效用价值论这个基础展开的,这导致了西方社会保障理论和政策的混乱。马克思主义社会保障理论建立在剩余价值理论和再生产理论的基础上,是科学合理的。西方社会保障理论的产生和发展,始终围绕着国家干预主义和经济自由主义两大思潮的兴衰而发展演变。马克思主义社会保障理论从维持社会再生产顺利进行和维护广大劳动人们利益的角度,始终强调国家在社会保障中的作用,反对社会保障的私有化。西方国家社会保障实践随着西方社会保障理论的发展而发展变化,而每次政策实践的较大变化又与理论的突破和创新密切相关。我国的社会保障理论,要在坚持马克思主义的基础上,根据时代需要实现全面创新。     

How manufacturers value purchase offerings: An exploratory study

The notion of value and the principles and methods that buyers use to discover which supplier offering has more value needs to drive all business marketing activity. However, the concept of value and how to measure it is somewhat vague. The authors present a simple way to think about value. The research reports an exploratory empirical study of how the valuation model fits the views of purchasing managers and how purchasing agents view value and use it to make decisions. In general, the model posited appears to fit the view of purchasing agents, however, there is some digression and further research is needed.     

Debt and Firms' Relationships: The Italian Evidence

Theories that predict the strategic use of debt by players engaged in a verticalrelationship are tested using an empirical model of debt usage. It is found thatfirms selling mainly to other firms are characterised on average by a higherlevel of debt. No evidence supports the notion that buyers increase their leverageto commit themselves not to behave opportunistically towards their suppliers. Theresults in the paper also suggest that group organisation limits the incentive to usedebt strategically within the holding-subsidiaries relationship.     

关于主动性决策理论(非理想系统决策理论)的研究

本文介绍了主动性决策理论研究的概貌,它的若干概念、原理和研究方向。作为它的理论基础,还探讨了系统组织化不完备性原理和非理想系统概念。     

Identification management and its bases: Bridging management and marketing perspectives through a focus on affiliation dimensions

There has been growing interest in both management and marketing regarding how individuals become identified with organizations and how organizations attempt to manage these identifications. The authors present a framework built on explicit and implicit points of convergence in research conducted in both these disciplines. In their review of the management and marketing literatures, the authors suggest three fundamental mechanisms, or “bases”, for managing organizational identification: relational, behavioral, and symbolic. Furthermore, the authors argue that how an individual is affiliated with an organization will impact the relative influence of these identification management bases. The authors conclude by suggesting how management and marketing scholars can create a theoretical space for future interdisciplinary work Such a change would involve moving away from “employees” versus “customers” as a prime division between the fields and moving toward a more fine-grained approach that emphasizes the unique characteristics of individual-organizational relationships. M. Teresa Cardador (cardador@uiuc.edu) is a doctoral student in management at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Her research explores issues related to workplace attachment and identification, work orientation, and the experience of employees who find work highly meaningful and engaging. Michael G. Pratt (mpratt@uiuc.edu) is a James F. Towey Fellow and an associate professor of management at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. He earned his Ph.D. at the University of Michigan. His articles have appeared in leading management outlets, includingAdministrative Science Quarterly, theAcademy of Management Journal, theAcademy of Management Review, andResearch in Organizational Behavior. He recently coedited (with Anat Rafaeli) a book titledArtifacts and Organizations: Beyond Mere Symbolism (Lawrence Erlbaum, 2005). His current research examines issues of organizational attachment (e.g., identification and commitment), multiple identities and meaning, and intuition. Dr. Pratt’s work focuses largely on professionals in both traditional and dispersed work contexts.     

宏观经济学发展的理论思辨

宏观经济学建立之后,其发展演变的过程就没有中断。围绕着需求主导还是供给主导,政策是否有效,关注重点是稳定还是发展等,各种学流派不断产生,也不断争锋。其中,分歧多于共识,争论多于和解,但总体来讲,凯恩斯主义经济学依然是主流;并且,宏观经济学的微观基础越来越坚实。与此同时,重视供给因素、关注增长逐渐成为趋势;宏观经济学各学派形成的共识也越来越多。     

企业竞争中的“黑洞现象”及其对策探讨

文章针对国际企业竞争中出现的新趋势,即随着全球化进程的加快,资源和市场份额愈来愈集中在少数几个跨国巨头手中,而无论从资金、技术还是管理和人力资源都不是很强的国内企业如何应对,尤其是中国按照加入WTO时所作的承诺将在2005年全面开放市场,国内企业失去了政策保护,将和跨国巨头直接展开厮杀的关头,我们如何提高胜算,本文将对此作一简要分析.     

现代银行监管理论的发展及对我国银行监管的启示

放松监管、银行危机与再监管是近30年来世界银行业的主旋律。随着经济和金融的深入发展,银行监管理论和银行监管实践都产生深刻的变化。本文从银行监管的经济学思想回溯入手,按照理论发展的时间顺序对银行监管的经济学思想进行梳理,并在信息不对称和博弈论框架下分析现代银行监管理论的发展,阐述现代银行监管理论的微观基础。最后,文章就现代银行监管理论对我国银行监管的启示提出几点看法。     

Reassessing the fundamentals and beyond: Ronald Coase,the transaction cost and resource‐based theories of the firm and the institutional structure of production

In this paper, three points are argued. The first is that Ronald Coase, best known as the forefather of transaction cost theory, foresaw many of the critical questions that proponents of the resource‐based view are concerned with today. The second is that resource‐based theory plays a potentially much more critical role in economic theory and in explaining the institutional structure of production than even many resource‐based scholars recognize. The last point is that a more complete understanding of the organization of economic activity requires a greater sensitivity to the interdependence of production and exchange relations. The arguments presented in this paper highlight important, but relatively ignored, elements in Coase's work that inform strategy research. More importantly, this paper makes the case for a triangular alignment between the triumvirate of governance structure, transaction, and resource attributes and demonstrates how the identity and strategy of a particular firm influences how its resources interact with the transaction and how the firm chooses to govern it. The general argument is then applied to the context of interfirm collaborative relations, where the key focus is broadened from just cost to also include skills/knowledge and the interdependence between cost and skills with respect to firm boundaries, both in terms of choice and nature. Such a broadening of focus enables us to additionally examine the transacting process as a productive endeavor, which underpins the co‐evolution of the competencies of partner firms. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.