Debt and Firms' Relationships: The Italian Evidence

Theories that predict the strategic use of debt by players engaged in a verticalrelationship are tested using an empirical model of debt usage. It is found thatfirms selling mainly to other firms are characterised on average by a higherlevel of debt. No evidence supports the notion that buyers increase their leverageto commit themselves not to behave opportunistically towards their suppliers. Theresults in the paper also suggest that group organisation limits the incentive to usedebt strategically within the holding-subsidiaries relationship.     

关于主动性决策理论(非理想系统决策理论)的研究

本文介绍了主动性决策理论研究的概貌,它的若干概念、原理和研究方向。作为它的理论基础,还探讨了系统组织化不完备性原理和非理想系统概念。     

Identification management and its bases: Bridging management and marketing perspectives through a focus on affiliation dimensions

There has been growing interest in both management and marketing regarding how individuals become identified with organizations and how organizations attempt to manage these identifications. The authors present a framework built on explicit and implicit points of convergence in research conducted in both these disciplines. In their review of the management and marketing literatures, the authors suggest three fundamental mechanisms, or “bases”, for managing organizational identification: relational, behavioral, and symbolic. Furthermore, the authors argue that how an individual is affiliated with an organization will impact the relative influence of these identification management bases. The authors conclude by suggesting how management and marketing scholars can create a theoretical space for future interdisciplinary work Such a change would involve moving away from “employees” versus “customers” as a prime division between the fields and moving toward a more fine-grained approach that emphasizes the unique characteristics of individual-organizational relationships. M. Teresa Cardador (cardador@uiuc.edu) is a doctoral student in management at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Her research explores issues related to workplace attachment and identification, work orientation, and the experience of employees who find work highly meaningful and engaging. Michael G. Pratt (mpratt@uiuc.edu) is a James F. Towey Fellow and an associate professor of management at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. He earned his Ph.D. at the University of Michigan. His articles have appeared in leading management outlets, includingAdministrative Science Quarterly, theAcademy of Management Journal, theAcademy of Management Review, andResearch in Organizational Behavior. He recently coedited (with Anat Rafaeli) a book titledArtifacts and Organizations: Beyond Mere Symbolism (Lawrence Erlbaum, 2005). His current research examines issues of organizational attachment (e.g., identification and commitment), multiple identities and meaning, and intuition. Dr. Pratt’s work focuses largely on professionals in both traditional and dispersed work contexts.     

宏观经济学发展的理论思辨

宏观经济学建立之后,其发展演变的过程就没有中断。围绕着需求主导还是供给主导,政策是否有效,关注重点是稳定还是发展等,各种学流派不断产生,也不断争锋。其中,分歧多于共识,争论多于和解,但总体来讲,凯恩斯主义经济学依然是主流;并且,宏观经济学的微观基础越来越坚实。与此同时,重视供给因素、关注增长逐渐成为趋势;宏观经济学各学派形成的共识也越来越多。     

企业竞争中的“黑洞现象”及其对策探讨

文章针对国际企业竞争中出现的新趋势,即随着全球化进程的加快,资源和市场份额愈来愈集中在少数几个跨国巨头手中,而无论从资金、技术还是管理和人力资源都不是很强的国内企业如何应对,尤其是中国按照加入WTO时所作的承诺将在2005年全面开放市场,国内企业失去了政策保护,将和跨国巨头直接展开厮杀的关头,我们如何提高胜算,本文将对此作一简要分析.     

现代银行监管理论的发展及对我国银行监管的启示

放松监管、银行危机与再监管是近30年来世界银行业的主旋律。随着经济和金融的深入发展,银行监管理论和银行监管实践都产生深刻的变化。本文从银行监管的经济学思想回溯入手,按照理论发展的时间顺序对银行监管的经济学思想进行梳理,并在信息不对称和博弈论框架下分析现代银行监管理论的发展,阐述现代银行监管理论的微观基础。最后,文章就现代银行监管理论对我国银行监管的启示提出几点看法。     

Reassessing the fundamentals and beyond: Ronald Coase,the transaction cost and resource‐based theories of the firm and the institutional structure of production

In this paper, three points are argued. The first is that Ronald Coase, best known as the forefather of transaction cost theory, foresaw many of the critical questions that proponents of the resource‐based view are concerned with today. The second is that resource‐based theory plays a potentially much more critical role in economic theory and in explaining the institutional structure of production than even many resource‐based scholars recognize. The last point is that a more complete understanding of the organization of economic activity requires a greater sensitivity to the interdependence of production and exchange relations. The arguments presented in this paper highlight important, but relatively ignored, elements in Coase's work that inform strategy research. More importantly, this paper makes the case for a triangular alignment between the triumvirate of governance structure, transaction, and resource attributes and demonstrates how the identity and strategy of a particular firm influences how its resources interact with the transaction and how the firm chooses to govern it. The general argument is then applied to the context of interfirm collaborative relations, where the key focus is broadened from just cost to also include skills/knowledge and the interdependence between cost and skills with respect to firm boundaries, both in terms of choice and nature. Such a broadening of focus enables us to additionally examine the transacting process as a productive endeavor, which underpins the co‐evolution of the competencies of partner firms. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

评罗伯特·奥曼及其博弈理论——冲突与合作

杰出的经济学家罗伯特.奥曼在决策制定理论方面取得的辉煌成就,对博弈论和其他一些相关经济理论的形成和发展起到了不可或缺的作用。其博弈理论涉及到现代博弈论最重要、最基本的核心问题,为博弈论的发展开辟了许多新的领域和思路。目前,现代经济生活中的冲突与合作主要表现为“刷卡风波”,商家认为在利润率不高,顾客刷卡率上升的情况下,银行的刷卡收费率太高,商家已不堪重负。根据奥曼的合作博弈理论和重复博弈理论,银商矛盾的最终化解在于银商双方通过博弈寻求合作,应考虑我国的具体情况,出台商户刷卡相关优惠政策,探讨银行、商户、顾客三方共赢的新模式。     

对复杂经济系统理论的探讨

传统的经济学是建立在静态的、均衡的理论基础上的,现实经济系统中越来越多的现象已无法在这一理论框架下得到合理的解释。复杂性经济理论将复杂性理论引入经济领域,以动态非均衡的复杂性观点来研究经济问题,认为经济系统是一个过程依赖性的、不断演变的有机体,从而使许多经济现象得到了很好的解释。因此,它已不再是对传统经济理论的补充,而是一种更全面的、建立在非均衡基础上的、崭新的经济理论。对它的探索是有意义的。     

Towards a cohesive curriculum tourism: The case for a distinct discipline

This paper addresses a controversial topic in tourism scholarship which is simultaneously a problem and an opportunity in tourism education: the philosophical issue of academic disciplines and specifically, the question of a distinct discipline in tourism studies. It is argued that the orthodox approach to tourism education, multi-disciplinary studies, has become an impediment. It is suggested that a new discipline can be created by organizing the existing body of knowledge and that such a discipline can become the core of an inter-disciplinary approach. Certain characteristics of an embryonic discipline are outlined and innovations in this area at Sydney Technical College are discussed.