人际关系视角下组织内知识共享敌意的知识治理研究

个体间持续的知识共享是提升组织竞争力、运营能力和创新能力的关键,但组织内包括知识囤积和知识排斥在内的知识共享敌意行为普遍存在,倾向于组织激励和引导的知识治理可有效减少员工知识共享敌意,并进一步促进组织知识共享。基于255名企业员工调研数据,从个体感知视角,实证研究了知识治理对知识共享敌意产生原因的影响,进而对个体知识共享行为作用机理,以及人际关系在知识治理与知识共享敌意产生原因之间的中介作用进行了检验。结果表明,包括知识囤积和知识排斥在内的知识共享敌意产生原因显著阻碍个体知识共享行为的发生;正式知识治理对非正式知识治理具有显著正向影响,且正式知识治理和非正式知识治理又能显著减少知识共享敌意产生原因;人际关系在知识治理与知识共享敌意成因之间具有中介效应。     

哈耶克的知识观及其高等教育市场化观点评析

哈耶克所谓的高等教育市场化不仅仅意味着在高等教育领域引入市场手段和竞争机制。还意味着对高等学校系统从权力分配、管理运作到教育内容安排等全方位的再建构的思想指向。它涉及到从不同的知识观出发进而在意识形态层面与“立场”紧密相关的价值观问题、文化观问题等。如何从理论上思考和回应这一层面的问题,是我们在高等教育市场化改革大潮之下不可回避的深层次问题。     

网络镶嵌激励创新驱动的知识与权力效应 ——来自256家在孵企业的实证

在知识经济与大数据智库联耦时代,我国正经历第四波“大众创业、万众创新”浪潮,深挖创新驱动的影响因素与过程效应,是培育打造高水平科研创新团队的重中之重。以我国高新技术企业科研团队为研究对象,基于知识螺旋与网络权力视角,针对我国16个省市高新技术制造领域的256家孵化企业开展实地考察和问卷调研,采用结构方程模型进行实证分析,检验网络镶嵌（关系镶嵌与结构镶嵌）—知识螺旋/网络权力—创新驱动的逻辑路径和影响机理。研究结果表明：网络镶嵌（关系镶嵌与结构镶嵌）显著正向影响创新驱动和知识螺旋;知识螺旋显著正向影响创新驱动,同时在网络镶嵌（关系镶嵌与结构镶嵌）对创新驱动的影响路径中发挥中介效应;网络权力正向调节知识螺旋的中介效应。     

FDI与技术垂直溢出：基于动态面板数据模型的检验

本文选取2003～2007年的行业面板数据,采用基于GMM估计的动态面板数据模型方法,对FDI与我国15个工业部门生产技术水平间的溢出效应进行了实证检验,结果表明技术溢出带来的技术效率的提高与我国工业部门自身前期技术水平积累具有密切相关性,FDI的行业内溢出效应不太明显,而行业间垂直溢出效应显著,是重要的技术溢出途径。为此,应该鼓励本地企业融入外资产业链,以提升技术水平。     

Extending the Learning-By-Exporting Hypothesis: Introducing a Credit Constraint

This paper develops a theoretical framework which can be used to examine policy implications from the learning-by-exporting hypothesis. This work builds on previous theoretical literature by introducing a credit constraint. When credit is available, the analysis suggests that supporting a learning sector via an export subsidy is not necessarily advised to improve social welfare. The learning sector’s goods may be over-produced (relative to another non-tradable sector goods) when consumers can borrow freely for their consumption. If the learning sector’s goods are over-produced, social welfare will be improved via a tax on production.

学习型区域创新网络中知识转移的博弈分析

区域学习和创新能力是区域经济发展的关键因素,学习型区域创新网络中创新主体间的知识转移能力是区域创新和学习能力的关键。但由于创新主体间存在着委托－代理关系,知识转移的过程中普遍存在逆向选择和道德风险问题。从而在一定程度上抑制了知识资本的功能。本文通过构建博弈模型,分析了创新网络中创新主体要素间的知识转移的条件。并在此基础上提出了可行性建议。     

Returns from social capital in open source software networks

Open Source Software projects base their operation on a collaborative structure for knowledge exchange in the form of provision or reception of information, expertise and feedback on the creation of source code. Here, we address the direction of these knowledge flows among projects throughout social networks and their impact on project success. We identify the roles of membership or contribution that individuals play within projects. We found that connections through contributors who bring their knowledge to the project, improve project success, and that connection through members, who transfer their knowledge towards other projects, enhance project success. Finally, we found that ties through shared membership and contributions hamper project success. The analysis of knowledge flows and their impact on project success imply a translation of returns from investment in social capital, where investment takes the shape of knowledge flows and the returns mean the projects’ diffusion over the network.

跨文化环境下的知识共享策略

以往的知识共享研究都集中于共同文化背景下的知识共享;而当前企业越来越多地面临着跨文化环境下的知识共享问题。本文分析了跨文化环境的含义、来源与特征以及对知识共享的影响,并提出了跨文化环境下的知识共享策略。     

Inter-organizational communication as a relational competency: Antecedents and performance outcomes in collaborative buyer–supplier relationships

Inter-organizational communication has been documented as a critical factor in promoting strategic collaboration among firms. In this paper, we seek to extend the stream of research in supply chain management by systematically investigating the antecedents and performance outcomes of inter-organizational communication. Specifically, inter-organizational communication is proposed as a relational competency that may yield strategic advantages for supply chain partners. Using structural equation modeling, we empirically test a number of hypothesized relationships based on a sample of over 200 United States firms. Our results provide strong support for the notion of inter-organizational communication as a relational competency that enhances buyers’ and suppliers’ performance. Implications for future research and practice are offered.     

Trust or bust: Growth effects of knowledge,human and social capital revisited

Social capital consists of trust, collective values, and shared norms. It helps society to work efficiently and, hence, promotes knowledge accumulation and growth. This paper identifies the contribution of social capital to differences in total factor productivity among European subnational regions, but, unlike other studies, it focuses on the effects of interregional differences in social capital. To do so, the paper employs a spatial Durbin model of a social-capital extended Cobb-Douglas production function. Our results suggest that transfers of knowledge might be secondary to the presence of collectivism and human capital in knowledge-generating regions. Although knowledge can cross boundaries, an absence of skills and trust limits local growth capacity. Our estimations also suggest the presence of gravity effects emanating from social and human capital in which some regions lose against others nearby that have more abundant social and human capital.