THE GOVERNANCE OF KNOWLEDGE COMPOSITENESS AND TECHNOLOGICAL PERFORMANCE: THE CASE OF THE AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY IN EUROPE

Abstract

Knowledge compositeness measures the variety of scientific disciplines that it is necessary to command in order to generate new technological knowledge. The paper investigates the relations between the knowledge compositeness of the flow of patents delivered to the main European automobile companies and the evolution of their technological and product market shares. Compositeness confirms to be an important characteristic of private knowledge: its governance exerts strong and positive effects on the technological and competitive advantage of firms. Knowledge compositeness has strong effects on the mechanisms of knowledge governance and management of technology. Appropriate measures of knowledge compositeness make it possible to qualify the quantitative measures of the technological competence of firms based upon patents counts.     

知识交易的定价

就知识经济理论而言,知识交易是不应该被忽略的关键性主题。根据知识供给者面对的市场不同,知识交易的定价分析方法也不同。定价模型揭示了效用不确定性、效用的动态性、信息不对称、非重复交易、交易方式的多样性等对最优定价以及社会福利的影响。知识交易理论是知识经济学的微观基础。     

团队亲社会动机与团队创造力:一个双中介模型

亲社会动机在中国集体主义文化背景下具有特殊价值与作用,由此构建了团队亲社会动机、知识整合、团队情感承诺与团队创造力的关系模型,基于50个研发团队的数据样本检验关系假设。结果表明：亲社会动机能促进研发团队创造力;知识整合和团队情感承诺在亲社会动机与研发团队创造力之间发挥中介作用;知识整合的中介作用显著强于团队情感承诺的中介作用。     

知识密集型服务业协同创新系统模型及运行机制研究

在知识、智慧等诸多协同因素引发服务业提升与创新的时代,协同创新正日益成为知识密集型服务业生存与发展的不竭源泉和动力。在对现有研究进行分析的基础上,首先总结出KIBS创新活动的内外部影响要素,其中内部影响要素包括技术、组织、文化和人力资源,外部影响要素包括客户、供应商、竞争者、大学和科研机构,然后构建了KIBS协同创新系统模型并分析其运行机制。     

The functions of the family in the great society

Criticisms by Hodgson and others that Hayek and other Austrianscannot offer a theory of the family are responded to with adiscussion of the functions of the family in a market society.The family can be understood as a bridge between what Hayekterms ‘organisations’, or face-to-face social institutionsand ‘orders’, or the anonymous social institutionsof the Great Society. The family's necessary role is then linkedto familiar Hayekian themes of knowledge and incentives. Familieshelp us to learn the explicit and tacit social rules necessaryfor functioning in the wider world, and families are uniquelypositioned to do so, because it is those closest to us who havethe knowledge and incentives necessary to provide that learning.     

虚拟仪器技术对知识创造的影响研究

仪器作为现代科学研究的核心组成部分,在很大程度上决定了科学知识的产出。虚拟仪器技术对知识创造产生了深远影响。“软件就是仪器”的理念使得传统仪器、测量观念以及仪器作为科技黑箱的内涵和功能发生了质的变化。虚拟仪器在集成大量编码知识的同时更多地集成了主体的隐性知识,虚拟仪器技术通过对主体知识体系的重塑影响了知识创造。主体只有通过长时间、复杂的学习和使用过程才能充分发挥虚拟仪器技术在知识创造中的优势,实现编码知识和隐性知识的共同增长。     

知识特性、创业导向对大学衍生创业绩效的影响

大学衍生创业是加速母体大学创新性科技成果转化的重要途径,大学知识特性、创业导向、综合创业能力和资源禀赋状况都会对衍生创业绩效产生影响。基于实证调查数据,构建了一个被调节的中介效应模型,检验了大学知识特性、创业导向与衍生创业绩效间作用机理,结果发现：知识特性、创业导向都有利于大学衍生创业绩效提升;创业能力在创业导向与大学衍生创业绩效间起中介作用;资源禀赋正向调节创业导向、创业能力与大学衍生创业绩效间关系。     

创始人技术知识资产、两职合一与创新绩效

以2012—2015年中关村新三板挂牌的180个科技型中小企业为样本,以创始人技术知识资产为切入视角,以创始人持股比例为作用路径,采用中介效应回归法,分析创始人两职合一的原因,并进一步使用倾向匹配得分法（PSM）研究创始人两职合一对创新绩效的影响。结果发现：①创始人技术知识资产与创始人两职合一的比例显著正相关;②创始人技术知识资产通过创始人持股比例的部分中介效应能够促进创始人两职合一;③创始人两职合一可以显著提升企业创新绩效。分析拥有技术知识资产的创始人提高公司创新绩效的内部机理,并证实了两职合一的创始人能够更好地推动技术创新,为科技型中小企业优化公司治理结构和提高创新水平提供了新思路。     

异质性研发、知识溢出与企业创新产出——基于创新链视角的实证分析

畅通创新链的首要前提,是科学认识嵌入创新链的不同类型企业所承载的创新功能差异及企业间技术经济联系。利用2012—2018年我国上市公司授权专利的前向索引数据进行统计分析发现,不同所有制企业存在异质性研发行为,国有企业研发活动更多承担了基础研究创新功能,而民营企业研发活动更多承担了应用研究创新功能。运用面板Tobit模型实证分析异质性研发知识溢出对企业创新产出的影响,结果表明,国有企业知识溢出对企业发明专利与非发明专利申请均表现为促进作用,民营企业知识溢出对企业发明专利申请表现为促进作用,而对非发明专利申请表现为抑制作用,且作用大小在不同所有制以及不同生命周期的企业间存在差异。由此,基于创新链构建新型国家创新体系过程中,应引导国有企业优先布局高度依赖基础研究的科学领域,解决市场失灵问题并充分发挥其创新促进效应;鼓励民营企业在共性技术研究领域展开协作,规避同业竞争所形成的创新抑制效应;因企制宜、分类施策,实现创新资源高效配置和综合集成。     

R&D based knowledge capital and future firm growth: Evidence from China’s Growth Enterprise Market firms

Building upon a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) model, this paper examines the role of knowledge-based capital (KC) in improving firms’ future growth in productivity. Based on the analysis of Chinese listed firms from 2006 to 2017 in the Growth Enterprise Market (GEM), we find KC often generates endogenous movements in productivity and earnings over the business cycles, suggesting that the nature of KC is pro-cyclical. Moreover, investment in KC is often classified as a corporate expense and is thus deducted from the current year’s profits. Therefore, firms with high R&D investments have significantly higher future productivity growth but lower current profitability than do those with lower R&D investments. Given these characteristics, KC’s benefits to productivity and future earnings are thus not immediate. For faster growth in the long term, firms should continue investing in KC even if they may face a short-term fall in corporate earnings as a result of internal knowledge investment, especially for fast-growing GEM firms.