基于重大科技基础设施建设迈向一流大学的路径分析——复杂产品系统动态能力演化视角

科技强国和创新型国家建设越来越依赖于重大科技基础设施的支撑能力。当前我国高校承担重大科技基础设施任务大多处于在建阶段,符合高校特点的能力建设模式尚在探索中。通过对2007-2020年脉冲强磁场重大科技基础设施发展的纵向案例研究,建立复杂产品系统（CoPS）的动态能力演化分析框架,从技术能力和组织能力分析高校承担重大科技基础设施动态能力搜索—获取—转型的演化过程。研究发现,高校通过建立新型“举校”体制,发展自组织网络调动校内外组织和技术互补性资源,能够有效构建高校的复杂组织和技术能力,统筹提升科研成效、学生质量和教师质量,实现面向服务国家战略目标的转型,从而获得一流大学的持续竞争优势。     

An alternative quasi likelihood approach,Bayesian analysis and data-based inference for model specification

This paper studies an alternative quasi likelihood approach under possible model misspecification. We derive a filtered likelihood from a given quasi likelihood (QL), called a limited information quasi likelihood (LI-QL), that contains relevant but limited information on the data generation process. Our LI-QL approach, in one hand, extends robustness of the QL approach to inference problems for which the existing approach does not apply. Our study in this paper, on the other hand, builds a bridge between the classical and Bayesian approaches for statistical inference under possible model misspecification. We can establish a large sample correspondence between the classical QL approach and our LI-QL based Bayesian approach. An interesting finding is that the asymptotic distribution of an LI-QL based posterior and that of the corresponding quasi maximum likelihood estimator share the same “sandwich”-type second moment. Based on the LI-QL we can develop inference methods that are useful for practical applications under possible model misspecification. In particular, we can develop the Bayesian counterparts of classical QL methods that carry all the nice features of the latter studied in  White (1982). In addition, we can develop a Bayesian method for analyzing model specification based on an LI-QL.     

How useful is an Asian Currency Unit (ACU) index for surveillance in East Asia?

An Asian Currency Unit (ACU) index is constructed using an alternative procedure which minimizes a basket or portfolio of assets expressed in terms of national currencies. Using this estimated ACU index and an ACU deviation indicator, the main finding of this study based on the current trajectory of East Asian currencies relative to this regional ACU benchmark is that there is a formation of two contrasting groups of countries in the region—one group of strong currencies and one group of weak currencies. We emphasize that this contrasting trajectory in East Asian intra-regional exchange rates implies disturbed competitive trading relationships in the region, which may result in wasteful beggar-thy-neighbor policies. As emphasized in other recent studies (e.g., Kawai and Takagi, 2012), the region needs a framework for exchange rate policy coordination that will promote intra-regional exchange rate stability. We suggest two important ways in which the region can capitalize on using an ACU index for surveillance purposes in the immediate term. One way is to assess “over- and undervaluation” of individual currencies from the regional ACU average. The other is to use it as a monitoring device for excessive flows of international capital within the region.     

都市休闲农业旅游行为与意愿悖离研究基于北京市829名消费者的调查数据

[目的]休闲农业是推动乡村产业兴旺、实现农民生活富裕的重要手段,对促进农村产业融合、全面推进乡村振兴意义重大。在城市居民消费转型升级背景下,都市休闲农业旅游消费意愿与消费行为之间的偏差普遍存在,而深入探究休闲农业“行意悖离”背后原因,有利于从消费者角度反思当前休闲农业发展的短板问题。[方法]文章结合文献与调研资料,从消费者的个体特征、认知情况、出行需求三方面选取相关指标,运用Logistic回归模型分析市民休闲农业旅游行为与意愿悖离的影响因素,并利用解释结构模型（ISM）分析各因素之间的逻辑关系。[结果]（1）家庭特征显著影响休闲农业行为与意愿的悖离：家庭收入水平抑制悖离、家庭同居成员数加剧悖离;（2）消费者亲近自然的需求会抑制休闲农业“行意悖离”,但满足好奇及教育子女的需求会加剧悖离;（3）出行需求和感知了解程度是影响休闲农业行为与意愿悖离的表层直接因素,个体责任感知及社会风气感知是中间间接因素,家庭情况和社会效能感知是深层根源因素。[结论]现阶段北京市休闲农业旅游发展水平明显滞后于居民消费需求水平,难以满足都市居民的多样化需求。因此,需完善休闲农业场所综合服务能力,构建创新性休闲农...     

中国认购权证市场价格偏差的实证研究

随着股权分置改革,中国的A股权证被再次推出,它的诞生丰富了投资者的交易品种,对建立多层次多维度的资本市场发挥了积极的作用.但是中国的A股权证市场仍存在诸多问题,实际价格偏离理论价格的现象司空见惯,其交易品种与交易规模不对称的现象也一直伴随着A股权证市场的发展.基于业内与学术界对A股权证价格偏差的困惑,本文利用混合回归模型和面板数据模型的实证方法,对认购权证市场价格偏差的研究发现,投资者对认购权证的频繁操作和投机炒作是导致价格偏差的重要原因,并且认购权证的创设制度对于抑制价格偏差的作用非常有限.此外,本文结合研究的实证结果,从创新A股权证产品和完善市场交易制度的角度,提出了完善和发展中国A股权证市场的政策建议.     

Minnesota-type adaptive hierarchical priors for large Bayesian VARs

Large Bayesian VARs with stochastic volatility are increasingly used in empirical macroeconomics. The key to making these highly parameterized VARs useful is the use of shrinkage priors. We develop a family of priors that captures the best features of two prominent classes of shrinkage priors: adaptive hierarchical priors and Minnesota priors. Like adaptive hierarchical priors, these new priors ensure that only ‘small’ coefficients are strongly shrunk to zero, while ‘large’ coefficients remain intact. At the same time, these new priors can also incorporate many useful features of the Minnesota priors such as cross-variable shrinkage and shrinking coefficients on higher lags more aggressively. We introduce a fast posterior sampler to estimate BVARs with this family of priors—for a BVAR with 25 variables and 4 lags, obtaining 10,000 posterior draws takes about 3 min on a standard desktop computer. In a forecasting exercise, we show that these new priors outperform both adaptive hierarchical priors and Minnesota priors.     

构建完善市场经济运行机制的路径分析

政府是市场共同体主体之一,又是"凌驾于市场共同体之上的特殊主体",因此其角色定位与态度倾向成为构建完善的市场经济运行机制的关键。明确政府主体职能定位、保证政府态度倾向不会偏差和规范个利益主题的制度保障到位,就成为构建完善市场经济路径的必要选择。     

上海市产业结构偏离度与经济增长关系的实证检验--基于一个新的产业结构偏离度指标

文章通过建立一个两部门的内生增长模型,根据实现平衡增长路径所需满足的条件,可得出一个相对合理的指标用来衡量产业结构以及各产业偏离度。然后应用该指标对上海市产业结构偏离度以及各产业偏离度与经济增长之间的关系进行实证检验,希望能较真实地反映上海市产业结构以及各产业的发展情况与平衡增长路径要求目标的偏离程度。最后根据各产业偏离的方向和程度,有针对性地给出上海市产业结构调整的方向以及具体的路径选择,具有一定的现实意义。     

上海外来人员就业形势及应对措施

运用产业结构偏离度和就业弹性指数两个指标,对上海市外来从业人员的就业现状及问题进行了分析,并提出了产业结构转型下完善上海市外来从业人员的就业对策：1）在宏观上充分发挥经济调控作用;2）在微观上实行差别化就业政策;3）搭建高效的就业信息发布平台。在产业结构转型下,为政府逐步实现外来从业人员充分就业的目标提供借鉴。     

台湾对外贸易模式的演进与背离：1998—2015

国际贸易模式主要分为产业间贸易和产业内贸易,在当前全球和区域经济一体化过程中,贸易模式逐渐从产业间贸易向产业内贸易转化。利用1998—2015年SITC十类产品的进出口数据对台湾贸易产品的Lafay指数进行测算,结果显示：台湾对外贸易仍然以产业间贸易为主,且产业内贸易和产业间贸易分别基于产品差异和规模经济、生产效率和要素禀赋差异而发生。进一步构造基于RSCA指数和TC指数的贸易模式背离倾向指数（H指数）可以发现,台湾对外贸易整体上存在净出口能力水平大于比较优势水平的正背离倾向。