Competition,firm size and returns to skills: Evidence from currency shocks and market liberalisations

We investigate the impact of product market competition on returns to skills in Italy using a longitudinal dataset on individual working histories. This impact is identified using three exogenous shocks affecting competition: the unforeseen devaluation of the Lira in 1992, its return to a fixed exchange regime in 1996 and the market liberalisation in the utility and transport sectors in the late 1990s–early 2000s. We analyse how firm heterogeneity and shocks of different types and signs affect the impact of competition on skill premia. We find that opposite shocks have opposite effects: an increase (resp. decrease) in international competition increases (resp. decreases) skill premia. Moreover, international shocks have greater effects on medium sized firms, while domestic liberalisation shocks have greater effects on large incumbents.     

Entrepreneurial rents and the theory of the firm

The creation of entrepreneurial rents occurs under conditions of uncertainty. Yet current theories of rent appropriation such as transactions cost theories of the firm focus their efforts primarily on how quasi-rents – rents that have already been created – are appropriated by parties to that exchange. Entrepreneurs face a dual challenge, that of creating entrepreneurial rents and appropriating some of these rents. Moreover, this challenge usually exists at a time when the entrepreneurial rents that might be created are not known or anticipatable. Indeed, entrepreneurs not only concern themselves with ensuring that they are able to appropriate at least some of the rents that might be eventually created but in fact they may not create any rents or potentially lose value. Understanding the dual nature of the rent creation and the rent appropriation problem has a variety of implications for the study of entrepreneurial organizations and generally for theory of the firm discussions.     

Survey on Competing in Network Industries: Firm Strategies, Market Outcomes, and Policy Implications

We review the recent literature on market structure, firm strategies and public policy in network industries. In particular, we focus on the latest applied work, including case studies and empirical work as well as refinements of the established theoretical results. We group each set of results along two dimensions: Static (within-generation) and dynamic (across-generations).     

企业边界人员的私人关系与企业绩效——基于中国市场数据的元分析检验

企业边界人员与外部利益相关者发展私人关系是新兴市场中的普遍现象,但是\"私人关系\"是否真的会提升企业绩效?当前文献对此问题并未给出一致结论。文章基于105篇使用中国市场数据的中英文文献,运用元分析技术(Meta-Analysis)考察了私人关系对企业绩效的影响,并分析了企业所处的制度环境和市场环境,企业的生命周期、规模、所有制形式等内部特征对上述影响的调节作用。通过对392个效应值的集成分析,文章发现,尽管私人关系确实能提升企业绩效■,但是不同层面的私人关系(政治联系和商业联系)对不同类型的企业绩效(财务绩效、运营绩效和战略绩效)所产生的影响存在差异。同时制度环境、市场环境、企业特征均会显著地调节私人关系对企业绩效的影响。上述结论为新兴市场中的企业如何将私人关系转化为企业绩效提供了指导。     

国际市场进入模式选择与企业异质性：一个文献综述

生产率差异是决定企业国际市场进入模式选择的重要因素。本文通过梳理近年来异质性企业贸易与投资文献,阐释了企业如何在贸易、水平型FDI、垂直型FDI和复合型FDI之间进行选择以及选择FDI的企业会采取何种进入方式的问题。现有的异质性企业贸易与投资模型较好地解释了发达国家的经验事实,但在企业异质性的来源、消费者需求结构以及发展中国家的市场扭曲等方面,异质性企业贸易和投资模型仍需进一步深入研究。     

制造型企业服务战略与企业绩效的关系研究

西方许多优秀制造企业已经在向服务提供商的转型战略中获得了成功,但是也有失败的企业案例。西方学者将这种现象称为＂制造企业的服务悖论＂,其核心问题是制造企业的服务战略是否会提高企业绩效。本文回顾了西方学者关于制造企业服务战略与企业绩效关系的相关研究,并从行业与企业特征视角试图解释服务悖论现象,最后展望了该领域未来的研究方向。     

Assessing performance in services: the travel agency industry

The aim of this article is to compare different approaches to the evaluation of economic performance in tourism. For the first time in tourism, this article simultaneously applies traditional productivity measures as well as parametric and non-parametric techniques to estimate efficiency and compares the results obtained. The empirical application is carried out on a sample of 567 travel agencies operating in Spain in 2004. The results reveal important differences depending on the methodology employed. Overall, none of the methodologies can be said to be better than the rest. These results highlight the importance of considering different approaches when evaluating performance in tourism.     

基于企业异质性的出口自选择行为研究综述

近年来,国际贸易理论的研究经历了一个革命性的变化,学者们开始运用企业层面的微观数据分析出口行为和生产力之间的关系,并提出了出口的自选择假说和学习效应假说。文章对这一领域截至目前的理论和实证文献进行梳理和总结,并展望未来的研究前景。