Cost data quality considerations for eco-efficiency measures

Cost data are a central aspect of eco-efficiency measures, either as means to assess value of production, or, more directly, as one dimension of the efficiency ratio. Several aspects may affect the quality of cost data, among them definitions, time and space, and confidentiality issues. Somewhat surprisingly, cost data quality has received little attention in the field of sustainability and eco-efficiency so far. Even worse, perhaps, is the lack of tools suitable for a cost data quality assessment and management.This paper discusses parameters that affect cost data quality, and will then propose a pedigree matrix as a tool designed for managing cost data quality issues. The application of the matrix is described, also in combination with a previously proposed, and broadly used, pedigree matrix for environmental data quality management.     

经济增长模型中的储蓄率内生化问题

本文讨论经济增长模型中储蓄率内生化的各种问题,包括有限寿命与无限寿命、确定寿命与不确定寿命、不确定寿命下的消费决策方法、不确定寿命下非预料死亡者的遗产如何处理、个人生命如何分期、个人如何预期未来收入等。强调了寿命假定与人口年龄结构的内在联系,提出了寿命不确定下个人消费决策的新方法,探讨了有关未来收入的趋势预期和水平预期,并分析了哪一种更接近实际。     

农业科技演进中的“跨越”问题

实施农业科技“跨越”发展方略 ,尽快缩小与发达国家农业科技贡献率的差距 ,是提升我国农业和农村经济素质与效益的必由之路。“跨越”发展为赶超提供了机会与可能 ,只有具备了“跨越”产生的必要和充分条件时 ,这种机会与可能才会成为现实。我国已经具备这些条件 ,问题的关键是如何正确把握跨越式发展的战略思路及运行方案设计 ,以及如何进一步合理确定农业科技发展的优先领域和一步到位直接进入当代最先进农业技术行列的开发推广项目和范围。     

偿付能力、生命周期与养老金动态调整策略

本文从生命周期的角度,把养老保险基金的偿付能力作为内生变量,直接引入到养老金调整模型,使之能够自我反馈信息和修正预测偏差,并能根据偿付能力的变化对养老金进行动态调整,最终使养老保障能力与偿付能力实现了内在统一。情景分析表明:(1)在人口出生率和经济增速持续放缓的趋势下,如果不优化当前的养老金调整模式,偿付能力不足的程度将持续加剧;(2)与现行政策和现有模型相比,基于偿付能力构建的调整模型,能有效缓解偿付能力不足的程度,而且降低了养老金大幅波动的风险;(3)结合生命周期理论来调整养老金,不仅偿付能力的提升效果优于其它模式,而且延长了参保人员应对风险的时间,更加符合风险承受能力变化的生命周期特征,提高了抵抗风险的能力;(4)在制定延迟退休年龄等政策时,要综合考虑调整模式、养老金增长率和人口出生率等多方面因素,养老保险基金才可能持久地保持充足的偿付能力。     

基于专利文本挖掘的科技文化产业技术发展趋势研究

基于Citespace文献计量软件，运用可视化分析技术，以音乐科技产业技术为例、Derwent专利数据库为检索范围，利用CiteSpace、Matlab等软件全面挖掘1960-2016年音乐科技产业专利数据，结果发现，音乐科技专利申请量呈现稳定高速增长态势，主要集中在乐器声学、音视频录制与系统等产业技术领域，比较发达的产业代表为YAMAHA、CAWAI、CASIO等机构。解析出音乐科技产业专利申请生命周期分为4个阶段，分别是1960-1972的停滞期、1972-1992的萌芽期、1993-2005的发展期和2006至今的成熟期。研究发现，音乐科技行业已经形成并将持续快速发展，数字音乐是未来音乐产业发展主流;我国正处于音乐科技产业发展期，建议科技文化领域应关注重点发展方向、加强校企合作、不断完善知识产权保护体系。研究结论对发展我国科技文化产业技术、提升民族文化自信、建设文化强国具有重要意义。     

日常生活方式对中国老年人口腔健康影响研究

随人们生活水平提高,口腔健康日益受到关注。使用中国慢病监测调查全国数据,对60岁以上老年人口腔健康状况进行描述,并利用多因素logistic统计分析方法对吸烟、饮酒、口腔卫生习惯、休闲看电视时间和主食蔬菜饮食频率等日常生活方式与口腔健康相关关系进行研究。我国60岁以上老年人群牙龈出血患病率为52. 27%,吸烟、饮酒、每日看电视时间,是过去12个月牙龈出血患病危险因素,曾看过牙、日常刷牙频率是牙龈出血患病保护因素。     

Government's Say-on-pay Policy and Corporate Risk-taking: Evidence from China

This paper investigates whether the restriction on executive compensation in Chinese state-owned enterprises (SOEs) imposed by the Government's say-on-pay schemes is conducive to corporate risk taking. Using a sample of listed SOEs over the period 2005–2018, we find that the restriction on executive compensation is negatively associated with corporate risk taking, suggesting that regulatory intervention in executive pay may produce unintended consequences. Our analyses also demonstrate that this negative regulatory effect on corporate risk taking is driven by listed SOEs in the growth stage of the business life cycle and by those in the provinces with a significant degree of government intervention. An additional test shows that the negative effect of the pay restriction on risk taking disappears in the SOEs in which managers hold shares, suggesting that an alignment of interests between managers and other shareholders mitigates the negative effect of the pay restriction. Our finding is robust to a batch of tests to alleviate the concerns about self-selection and reverse causality.     

Mechanisms to improve labor productivity by performing telework

This study investigates mechanisms underlying the influence of telework on labor productivity in Japan. First, this study finds that appropriate telework hours increase labor productivity, but when telework hours are too long, telework decreases labor productivity. Second, telework increases life satisfaction, and life satisfaction improves labor productivity. However, telework increases the stress of balancing work and domestic chores, contrary to Japanese governmental expectations, and the stress decreases life satisfaction. The stress, fortunately, does not directly reduce labor productivity. Although telework increases happiness and work satisfaction, these factors do not influence labor productivity. Third, this study clarifies that telework is more efficient for improving labor productivity if workers commute more than 1 h or commute by trains or buses that are usually very crowded during rush hours in Japan. Finally, the effect of telework for workers who have a greater number of potential trivial duties is insignificantly larger. Supervisors and colleagues often ask others to perform trivial, extra tasks without regard for schedules. Telework may help workers avoid such trivial duties and increase labor productivity. However, the importance of trivial duties is also demonstrated in this study.     

Feeling Richer or Poorer than Others: A Cross‐section and Panel Analysis of Subjective Economic Status in Indonesia*

This paper examines what makes us feel richer or poorer than others. It investigates cross‐sectional and longitudinal determinants of individuals’ subjective economic status in Indonesia. Using two waves of Indonesian Family Life Surveys, 1997 and 2000, I show that individuals’ perceptions of where they are on the economic scale are more dependent on a number of socioeconomic characteristics, as well as their attitudes towards their future economic status, than their current spending capacities would suggest. I also find significant, albeit weaker, expenditure and income effects on individuals’ subjective economic status once individual fixed effects are controlled for in the regression.     

救生用发射机

本文介绍一种海上救生用的小型发射机的基本设计方法及海上实验结果.