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991.
Neil A Wilmot 《Applied economics letters》2016,23(11):790-794
Coal has been an important source of energy in the USA for centuries. Coal prices can be quite uncertain and highly volatile, often experiencing large changes. Understanding the data-generating process of coal prices would seem critical, both from a market perspective and from a policy perspective. This study investigates the appropriate stochastic process underlying coal prices. Commonly assumed processes, such as geometric Brownian motion fail to properly account for the arrival of unanticipated information which inflicts rapid changes – or jumps – in energy markets. Such discontinuities can manifest ‘fat tails’ in the distribution of returns. To investigate the possibility of time-varying volatility, generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedastic models are also incorporated into the analysis. We find compelling empirical evidence that discontinuities must not be ignored, with US coal prices experiencing jumps every few days. The result has implications for the potential closure of coal-fired plants in response to cheaper alternatives or climate-based regulations. 相似文献
992.
993.
This paper is concerned with the standard competition in the three most outstanding innovation cases of videocassette recorder [VCR; video home system (VHS)/Betamax standard competition], Windows operating system for personal computers (PC; Windows standard competition), and smart cards (smart cards standard competition). The study presents a comparative analysis of major conceptual frameworks in innovation management—the Competitive Forces Model by Porter [M. Porter, Competitive Strategy, Free Press, New York, 1980] and the Managing Migration Paths Model by Hamel and Prahalad [G. Hamel and C.K. Prahalad, Competing for the future, Harvard Business School Press Boston, MA, 1994] for empirical analysis and discussions. It is argued that the ability to establish an industry standard enables an innovator to create competitive advantage. In other words, the ability to establish an industry standard provides a platform for an innovator to excel at the innovation process by generating a continuity of commercially successful innovations. The paper evaluates the strategic management of innovations by studying the previous standard competition of innovations, to suggest the direction of smart cards. The players in the smart card industry may use this empirical analysis to define strategic approach for their plan to compete in smart card launch. 相似文献
995.
This study investigates the diffusion of two early Information technologies across 1348 institutions of higher education: (1) the adoption of Because It's Time Network (BITNET), a precursor to the Internet as we know it today and (2) the adoption of the Domain Name System (DNS) with its registration of domain names, an essential feature of the modern Internet. We find that the time paths of adoption for both generally exhibit the typical S shape found for other innovations. We identify factors likely responsible for the patterns observed and in the process extend the scope of the diffusion literature by incorporating insights from the optimization behaviour of nonprofits. Using a proportional hazards framework, we find that faster adoption occurred among institutions focused on research and doctoral education as well as among select liberal arts colleges relative to nonselect colleges. Faster adoption also occurred for larger institutions, suggesting that they benefited from economies of scale. Adoption was slower for institutions having a larger percent of female faculty members. Also, there is some evidence to suggest that public institutions were faster to innovate than private institutions, while institutions in the South tended to innovate more slowly than institutions located in other regions of the country. 相似文献
996.
C. Alexandrakis 《Applied economics》2013,45(29):3562-3571
The present study examines how the heterogeneity of use of information technology in production affects the probability that an unemployed worker will be matched with a vacancy. Using US time series from 1967 to 2007, I construct measures of dispersion of the stocks of software and hardware per worker across 13 industries. The measures exhibit three waves whose timing roughly corresponds to the diffusion of mainframe computers in the 1960s and 1970s, personal computers in the 1980s and the Internet in the late 1990s. After controlling for other influences, I find that the probability of transitioning from unemployment to employment responds negatively to an increase in either measure. The results imply that by enhancing technical heterogeneity, the diffusion of a new technology may suppress the job finding rate. 相似文献
997.
基于技术创新扩散环境的Bass扩散模型修正研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
对技术创新扩散环境进行了界定和分类,并就环境因素对技术创新扩散的影响进行了分析,得出由于环境的不确定性决定了技术创新扩散轨迹的不稳定性的结论。在此基础上,从环境因素的影响入手,分别对基本的Bass模型和扩展的Bass模型进行了修正,并对新模型的性质进行了分析。 相似文献
998.
在发展国家战略性新兴产业集群背景下,构建跨越国界、多元异质的“全球管道”,有利于我国战略性新兴产业集群的“全球-本地”互动,促进产业集群的知识更新和技术发展。战略性新兴产业集群中的知识守门者不断构建和发展了集群的“全球管道”,并通过知识吸收、知识转译和知识扩散三种知识行为,将集群外的高端异质性知识持续地转移至本地集群,从而有效激发“本地蜂鸣”,促进集群的知识更新。苏州IC(集成电路)产业集群的案例印证了上述观点。我国战略性新兴产业应重视和培育集群“知识守门者”,促进集群“全球管道”的拓展、构建以“知识守门者”为核心的“本地蜂鸣”机制,充分赋予“知识守门者”在领导集群企业协同创新方面的制度合法性。 相似文献
999.
国内的房屋租赁市场存在严重的房客信用缺失现象,给房东带来了信用风险,亟待建立科学的房客信用评价机制来控制信用风险。文章结合房屋租赁的具体情况,提出了一套房客信用评价指标体系,并使用问卷调查收集的房客数据建立了基于Logistic回归的评价模型,最后对模型进行了检验和评估。实证结果表明,利用此指标体系和评价模型能够有效地预测房客风险,为实际租房提供决策支持。 相似文献
1000.
Given the stagnant agricultural productivity and persistent food insecurity in low-income countries—notably in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA)—there has been continued interest in the adoption of new technology and its impact on productivity in these regions. To increase crop yields and sustain yield gains, recent case studies of technology adoption unanimously recommend the adoption of integrated farm management systems, particularly in SSA. On the other hand, there have been increasing numbers of studies on social network or farmer-to-farmer technology extension. These studies explore more efficient extension systems than traditional public-sector extension approaches. This article reviews both recent case studies of technology adoption and its productivity impacts as well as studies on agricultural extension to identify common findings, shortcomings, and major remaining issues. 相似文献