环境约束下地区全要素生产率增长及影响因素研究——基于马姆奎斯特生产率指数和环境库兹涅茨曲线分析

采用非参数马姆奎斯特(Malmquist)指数估算我国2000～2009年29个省、直辖市和自治区的全要素生产率(TFP),并分析了人均GDP、人口密度、教育水平、城镇化率对全要素生产率的影响。研究发现:在给定资源投入情况下,东部的生产率增加值大于中部、西部,同时污染排放还小于中部、西部;人均GDP与TFP呈倒U型曲线,即环境要素生产率与人均GDP之间存在环境库兹涅茨(EKC)曲线关系;教育水平与环境要素生产率正相关,城镇化率和人口密度与TFP负相关。     

人力资本与区域全要素生产率分析

本文采用Malmquist指数分析了我国30个省级行政区1996—2003年的全要素生产率(TFP)增长,并将其分解为技术进步指数和效率变化指数。为了减少计算偏差,我们在使用承认无效率项存在的生产前沿技术的同时,引入了人力资本要素。本文的分析结果表明我国的人力资本水平增长迅速,30个省区的经济增长效率差距逐年扩大。同时我们发现在引入人力资本要素后,1996—2003年区域全要素生产率的增长得益于技术进步;如果不考虑人力资本存量,则低估了同期的效率提高程度,而高估了期间的技术进步指数。     

银行业改革、赶超与开放——基于Malmquist TFP指数的实证分析

为评估近年来中国国有银行改革、城市商业银行赶超与银行业对外全面开放5年来外资银行效率的变化,主要采取"中介法",利用2005～2010年数据对中国本土和外资银行Malmquist TFP指数及其组成部分进行了测算分解和实证分析。研究表明:改革促进了中国银行业效率的提高;城市商业银行的"赶超"战略显著提升了效率;中国本土银行的纯技术效率亟待改善;中国银行业对外全面开放后,外资银行的全要素生产率有所提高,但规模效率和技术进步有待改进;股权/资产比率等因素降低了银行效率。     

Efficiency and productivity of the food and beverage listed firms in the pre-recession and recessionary periods in Greece

This study uses data envelopment analysis to examine the liquidity and sales efficiency of the Food and Beverage listed firms in Athens Exchange in the period 2006–2012. The liquidity efficiency of the firms is higher than the sales efficiency but the results indicate that there are not statistical significant differences in the rankings estimated by the two models in each period. The Malmquist Productivity Index reveals that over the period of the study, firms have experienced an annual average increase in productivity of 0.5% (a slight progress). On examining the components of this productivity change, it becomes evident that firms have experienced an annual average of 2% increase in technology combined with a decrease in technical efficiency of –1.5%. The results indicate that 52.4% of the firms experienced productivity gains in the examined period, and this was mainly the result of technological gain rather than efficiency improvement. More than 90% of the firms in the sample shift the efficiency frontier and only 33.3% of the firms are catching up, improving their productivity by reducing inefficiency. Moreover, the empirical study reveals that the overall technical inefficiencies of the firms are primarily caused by pure technical inefficiencies rather than scale inefficiencies.     

技术进步对产业增长作用的测度——基于北京高技术产业的实证研究

在分析技术进步对产业增长作用的传统理论和方法的基础上,将技术进步导致的规模效应置于技术进步效应中,并把技术进步效应分解为技术进步的纯产出效应和规模效应。构建了修正的DEA-Malmquist指数模型,基于1998—2008年全国22个地区高技术产业五大行业的面板数据,对北京高技术产业进行了实证分析,得出了北京高技术产业及五大行业的技术进步效应值及其分解值,验证了本文提出的理论和方法的科学合理性。     

Productivity and efficiency in the US: effects of business cycles and public capital

We add to the literature on the US productivity slowdown and effects of public capital on productivity by employing Malmquist productivity indexes to measure productivity. These indexes allow us to decompose productivity growth into efficiency change and technological innovation. We derive these components for each observation, which we exploit to explore factors which may lead to differences in productivity across regions, including business cycles, both own-state and cross-border public infrastructure investment, and relative sizes of the manufacturing, service and public sector. Our results suggest that the components of total factor productivity change lend important insights into the fairly complex effects of public capital on productivity growth.     

Efficiency and productivity change in Ukrainian health care

The study analyses technical efficiency and efficiency change of 193 community hospitals and polyclinics across Ukraine, for the years 1997–2001. These facilities are a subset of the medical institutions in rural Ukraine; they are identical w.r.t. their function in the health system and share the same departmental structure. The data comprise the number of beds in the hospitals, the number of staff employed in the hospitals as well as the polyclinics connected to the hospitals, the number of inpatient and outpatient admissions as well as the number of surgical procedures, lab tests, X-rays performed and the number of deaths and deaths after surgery. Because of the known sensitivity of traditional nonparametric frontier estimators to outlier observations, we employ an order-m estimator, a robust technique, to assess the efficiency of these health care providers as well as changes of their productivity time. The efficiency scores are calculated with an output-oriented model; they are close to unity for hospitals whereas polyclinics seem somewhat less efficient. The Malmquist-indices averaged over all observations are close to unity indicating that productivity does not change over during our observation period. But, depending on the period and the region, substantial deviations from unity can be observed.

河北省钢铁产业技术效率评价及对策研究

以2001年—2009年面板数据为基础,运用数据包络分析（DEA）方法,对河北省等六省区钢铁产业整体效率、技术效率、规模效率、投入冗余及超效率进行评价,并运用Malmquist效率指数对河北省钢铁产业的全要素生产率变动进行动态分析。研究结果表明,河北省钢铁产业整体效率在不断提高,其中,纯技术效率的贡献要大于规模效率;在产出不变的情况下,河北省钢铁产业存在着一定程度的投入冗余;产业超效率值总体上表现出不断提升的态势;技术进步对本省钢铁产业技术效率的影响并不稳定,呈波动变化状态。河北省要想提高钢铁产业总体效率,必须加快技术进步、优化产品结构、提高产业集中度和有效减少投入冗余。     

产业升级转型阶段的制造业生产效率比较研究——以江苏为例

本文以江苏省全部国有及规模以上制造业30个行业为研究对象,运用DEA分析法测算了30个行业的纯技术效率和规模效率,在此基础上运用Malmquist指数法测算了制造业全要素生产率、技术进步指数和技术效率指数,并从制造业整体层面,将江苏与上海、浙江、广东和山东四省市进行了对比分析。结论认为,江苏省制造行业技术效率和规模效率差异显著,多数行业不能同时达到技术与规模有效;其制造业全要素生产率的增长主要得益于技术进步和纯技术效率的影响,而规模效率产生负面影响;江苏省制造业整体技术效率相对其他四省市而言水平较低。作为制造业大省,江苏需加快行业技术进步,提高技术效率和规模效率,以促进制造业行业全要素生产率的提高。