财政投入对中国产业生态化效率提升的实证研究

以DEA模型和 Malmquist生产率指数为基础,利用2009-2013年的省际面板数据,分别从静态和动态两个方面对我国的产业生态化效率进行了测算。结果表明：各投入要素结构以及能源配置结构出现失衡,“三次产业就业人数”“综合能源消费量”“用水总量”以及非合意性产出“二氧化硫排放量”“烟尘排放量”出现冗余,合意性产出“工业固体废物综合利用率”则呈现产出不足;我国产业生态化效率的非有效及波动主要由纯技术效率以及技术进步的不稳定导致,技术创新能力没有得到充分开发。最后,从优化财政支出结构、能源配置结构以及推行绿色税制三方面提出了相应的财政政策建议。     

山东省渔业生产效率及其变动趋势的测算与分析

论文采用1997～2008年山东省及我国渔业生产投入和产出数据,运用数据包络分析以及Malmquist指数方法,对山东省渔业生产效率及其构成的变动趋势进行了测算。研究结果表明：山东省渔业生产虽总体发展趋势较好,但仍存在着技术效率低下、粗放式经营等问题。论文针对这些问题提出了建议和对策,以期为山东省渔业生产效率的改善提供参考。     

农业全要素生产率增长的再测算——Malmquist指数法和Hicks-Moorsteen指数法的比较

基于Malmquist指数法和乘积完备的Hicks-Moorsteen指数法对农业TFP增长进行测度,并将TFP分解为技术进步和效率变化。结果表明:1979²011年间中国农业TFP年均增长率为2.1%2011年间中国农业TFP年均增长率为2.1%².7%,其中技术进步年均增长3.0%2.7%,其中技术进步年均增长3.0%³.6%,混合规模效率年均增长0.6%。因此,在农业投入产出过程中应重视农业生产结构以及规模方面的调整和优化。     

基于DEA-Malmquist的沿海港口转型升级测度及趋势研究

从港口全要素生产效率视角出发,采用Malmquist全要素生产率指数对传统数据包络分析(DEA)方法进行改进,克服了传统DEA方法不能处理不同时期面板数据的缺点,通过构建基于规模报酬可变的DEA-Malmquist模型,可以掌握港口转型升级程度及发展趋势。以山东沿海港口为实例,利用DEA-Malmquist模型进行分析,结果表明:山东省沿海港口的总体效率在2014—2018年整体呈上升趋势;各个港口发展并不平衡;全省港口的Malmquist生产力指数虽然受到了规模效率的制约,但仍呈上升趋势。最后,提出了山东沿海港口转型升级发展的对策建议。     

Total factor productivity growth in Uganda’s telecommunications industry

The telecommunication sector is usually thought to be characterized by high productivity growth rates arising from increasing returns to scale. The actual productivity patterns in the sector, however, need to be empirically determined. A panel data set was assembled and a common set of input and output indicators was constructed to support the estimation of the Malmquist Total Factor Productivity index via input-oriented Data Envelopment Analysis. A general specification encompassing all available input and output data was employed to obtain the average total factor productivity changes for the sector. Over the study period, there was total factor productivity growth in Uganda’s telecommunications industry, which was mainly due to technical or technological progress as opposed to technical efficiency. These results indicate the existence of a potential for tariff reduction via the X-factor in the price cap formula.     

Assessing banking sectors’ efficiency of financially troubled Eurozone countries

The aim of this paper is to assess the relative banking efficiency of the Eurozone’s soft underbelly (i.e., the so called PIIGS countries: Portugal, Ireland, Italy, Greece and Spain) in the period after the outburst of the financial crisis. It is one of the few that attempts to measure banking efficiency in the periphery of Eurozone in the outburst of the financial crisis using a battery of efficiency evaluation techniques for robustness reasons. This study relies on a modeling framework consisting of data envelopment analysis (DEA), bootstrapping, Malmquist Productivity Index and truncated regression which is applied on accounting and macroeconomic data spanning from 2009 to 2015. Findings show statistical evidence of a high degree of inefficiency in most of the examined banks. The application of the truncated regression indicate several financial variables as driving forces, offering thus important warning signs for banking performance. Indicators such as Tier 1 Capital to Risk Weighted Assets, Tangible Common Equity to Risk–Weighted Assets, Risk-Weighted Assets to Total Assets, Non-Performing Assets to Total Assets and Net Income Margin contribute in banks' efficiency score. The above financial variables need to be closely monitored by the bank’s decision makers. Moreover, inflation and high levels of General Government Debt to GDP ratio also affect the efficiency of banks.     

财政分权下金融支持实体经济发展效率及区域差异研究——基于省际面板数据的实证分析

目前,在中国经济快速发展的过程中,出现了资金流向发生改变,金融支持实体经济发展的效率不断下降等问题。资金在逐利的本质下,不断涌入虚拟经济,金融与实体经济出现背离。这不仅加大了经济的波动性,降低经济增长速度,而且使得实体经济出现“空心化”,缺乏增长动力。文章首先测度了中国各省份的金融支持实体经济发展效率,直观阐释各地区的效率情况。进而根据设定的面板模型,分析各影响因素的作用方向与程度,探讨其在不同地区作用差异的缘由。在此基础上提出了应把握好财政分权的“度”,打破金融集权的垄断局面,扩大直接融资比重,缩小区域效率差异等对策建议。     

Efficiency changes in long-term care in OECD countries: A non-parametric Malmquist Index approach

Future demographic projections indicate that long-term care (LTC) demand will put significant pressures on the long-term sustainability of public finances. Efficiency gains could potentially compensate for increasing LTC expenditures. Nevertheless, among the factors that drive LTC expenditures, efficiency, or productivity discussions have received little attention. This paper provides the first analysis of the efficiency levels of LTC for a subset of OECD countries. In doing so, the study adopts a non-parametric approach and performs a Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). The results of the DEA show that average efficiency scores have a slight tendency to increase. There was a 0.1% increase in productivity in the provision of LTC between 2009 and 2014, which mainly resulted from an increase in technological change. However, the slight increase in efficiency is insufficient to offset fiscal pressures led by the increasing number of LTC beneficiaries and amount spent on LTC. The second stage Tobit analysis results further indicate that the productivity of LTC provision does not differ across countries with different public LTC financing arrangements.     

A Parametric Distance Function Approach for Malmquist Productivity Index Estimation

Malmquistindexes of productivity are generally estimated using index numbertechniques or non-parametric frontier approaches. The aim ofthis paper is to show that Malmquist indexes can be estimatedin a similar way using parametric-deterministic or parametric-stochasticfrontier approaches. To allow a multi-output multi-input technologyand for technical change in production, we adopt an output distancefunction which is specified in a translog form. We then showthat using the estimated parameters, several radial distancefunctions can be calculated and combined in order to estimateand decompose the productivity index. Finally, this approachis applied to a panel of Spanish insurance companies. The mainresults confirm those generally obtained for financial services:very low rates of growth and technical change in spite of a rapidderegulation process and expansion of activity.     

中国商业银行全要素生产率及其影响因素的实证研究——基于DEA的Malmquist生产率指数法

利用2004—2009年我国15家商业银行的面板数据,运用基于DEA的Malmquist生产率指数法,测算了商业银行的Malmquist生产率指数及其分解指数。结果显示:我国商业银行的全要素生产率整体呈下降趋势,其中,技术进步指数的下降幅度较大,纯技术效率变化指数和规模效率变化指数略有升高。在此基础上,对影响我国商业银行全要素生产率的因素进行了分析。实证结果表明:进出口总额和货币供应量增长率对我国商业银行全要素生产率的提升有正向作用,国内生产总值和全社会固定资产投资有显著的负向作用。