大运河江苏段旅游生态效率评价研究

随着中国旅游市场体量不断增大,诸多生态环境问题也愈发严重。江苏段城市作为大运河流域的重要节点,如何实现旅游业高质量发展是可持续发展的重中之重。运用非期望产出超效率 SBM-DEA 模型、Malmquist模型,结合ArcGIS 技术,从静态和动态两个层面准确衡量和把握大运河江苏段的旅游生态效率变化并评价,提出旅游生态效率提升建议。结果表明,大运河江苏段2010—2019年10年间旅游生态效率值整体向上增长,但仍需在旅游生态管理的政策和方法上进一步优化。     

浙江省不同性质企业科技创新效率的动态变化与比较研究

基于企业的技术异质性,利用DEA和全局前沿M almquist指数方法对2006—2018年浙江省不同性质企业的科技创新效率和动态变化进行了比较研究.结果表明:①2006—2018年,浙江省不同性质企业的科技创新效率均值较低,差距显著,总体呈波动上升的趋势.2013年以前外商投资企业的科技创新效率处于领先地位,2015年以后内资企业开始长期处于领先地位.考察期间内资企业一直呈追赶势头,特别是国有企业,追赶势头最为显著.②不同性质企业近13年科技创新效率的平均增幅基本一致,大部分年份均处于增长态势.内资企业体现出较强的增长效应,且增长势头比其他两种类型企业平稳.③内资企业全要素生产率上升主要源于组内技术进步.港澳台商投资企业和外商投资企业全要素生产率的变化源于技术效率变化和组内技术变化.3种类型企业的技术领先变化程度均较小.     

Productivity efficiency analysis of the airlines in China after deregulation

Using data envelopment analysis and the Malmquist productivity index, this paper studies productivity efficiency of various airlines in China after the Chinese government deregulated the aviation industry in 2005. The results show that the productivity efficiency of non-state-owned airlines improves rapidly and eventually exceeds state-owned airlines after the deregulation policy. Among the state-owned airlines, the productivity of the local airlines and their technical changes are better than those of the central airlines.     

Comparing efficiency of holding business model and individual management model of airports

This research compares the efficiency of holding business model to individual management model of airports, employing some robust non-parametric partial frontier-based methods to compare the statistical distributions of efficiency, under different scenarios, to find out which group of airports yields better global performance. The comparison between groups will follow a Malmquist index decomposition, which seems to be the most appropriate tool for within- and inter-group performance comparison. For this purpose, a sample of 145 airports from three continents is utilized. The results provide evidence that European airports are the most productive ones, and within this cluster, the individual management model presented a significant frontier shift with respect the holding cluster frontier, meaning that the former is much more productive than the latter.     

Efficiency and productivity changes in Greek airports during the crisis years 2010–2014

The aim of this study is to evaluate the operating efficiency and productivity changes of the Greek airports, during the first years of the severe economic crisis in Greece (2010–2014), by using two methods: Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and Malmquist Productivity index (MPI). Findings have shown that, despite the dramatic effects of the economic crisis on the socio-economic life of the country, overall airport efficiency and productivity improved, mainly due to exogenous factors such as international tourism growth. The MPI reveals that over the period of the study, airports have experienced an annual average increase in total factor productivity (TFP) of 0.9% (an increase of 3.6% over the examined period). On examining the components of this productivity change, it becomes evident that this is due to the combination of both positive (a slight progress) annual average technology change (0.5%) and technical efficiency change (0.4%). The results also indicate that 65.8% of airports have an increase in average TFP during the period 2010–2014, ranging between 0.4% and 20%. However, as Greek airports operate at poor levels of efficiency, there is still considerable space for improvements in most of the airports.     

广东现代服务业全要素生产率研究

本文利用Malmquist指数法,对广东2000～2008年现代服务业全要素生产率进行了测算。结果显示,广东现代服务业的快速增长并非源于要素使用效率的提高,而是得益于要素投入的增长;但各经济区差异较大,珠三角和西翼经济区现代服务业TFP高于全省平均水平,且现代服务业加速增长的同时,增长方式向集约型方式转变;而东翼经济区和山区现代服务业TFP不升反降,经济增长仍然主要依靠要素投入的增长。     

中国汽车产业上市公司生产效率研究

基于2001-2008年中国17家汽车生产企业的面板数据,本文采用数据包络分析方法和Malmquist生产率指数分析方法,测算各年度各样本汽车生产企业的实际生产效率,包括技术效率、纯技术效率和规模效率等三项指标,并得到2001-2008年间各企业生产效率的排名。测算样本企业的全要素生产率结果显示,中国汽车生产企业的全要素生产效率整体呈现逐年上降趋势。     

Do Transition Economies and Developing Countries Have Similar Destinies?

This paper evaluates the potential of transition economies for achieving sustainable improvements in living standards vis-à-vis developing countries based on their productivity performance. The comparison is made using a bootstrapped Malmquist productivity index and its technological and efficiency change components. The results of estimation indicate that transition economies enjoy significantly higher increases in technical efficiency than developing countries with comparable rates of real GDP growth. Therefore, these results suggest that the former group of countries may have better growth prospects than the latter group, giving empirical support to Stern and Fries’ (Foreign Policy 111:164–165, 1998) optimism that transition economies are the “tiger” economies of tomorrow.

Airport efficiency in the dawn of privatization: The case of Greece

Until recently, all airports in Greece were owned and managed by the state; however, the recent economic crisis led the Greek government to privatize 14 regional airports. This paper evaluates the performance of the 38 Greek airports open to civil aviation just before the privatization was concluded. It also aims to highlight that the majority of airports with high efficiency were selected to be privatized. The analysis was performed applying Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and Malmquist Productivity Index (MPI) using 2011 and 2015 operational and financial data. Results showed that, despite the economic crisis, overall efficiency improved between 2011 and 2015, mainly due to the spectacular increase in incoming international passenger traffic. Changes in efficiency can be attributed by and large to exogenous factors such as operations of low-cost carriers and charter operators along with the seasonal operations of established carriers at individual airports. Findings confirm that the majority of high efficiency airports were offered to private investors.     

Sources of productivity growth on Finnish dairy farms—application of an input distance function

The objective is to examine sources of productivity change on Finnish dairy farms in the 1990s. The decomposition of productivity change into technical and technical efficiency change is widely recognized but it neglects the scale effect. Generalized decompositions incorporating all three components are calculated for a sample of Finnish dairy farms from 1989-2000. This period is of interest because of the drastic change in agricultural policy when Finland joined the European Union (EU) in 1995. The results indicate that productivity growth was on average low, approximately 0.15% per year. Neutral technical change was identified as the most important source of productivity growth (1.1%). Technical efficiency decreased by almost 0.5% annually. The contribution of the scale effect in productivity change increased towards the end of study period.