Understanding farmers' decision making processes and improving managerial assistance

Few studies have been made of how farmers make decisions. Most research and teaching has focused on the decision event, not the whole process. Current knowledge of the decision making process is reviewed and described as a set of eight functions or elements: values and goals, problem detection, problem definition, observation, analysis, development of intention, implementation, and responsibility bearing. The relevancy of this view of farmers' decision making behavior is tested through a series of case studies. Based on these observations, the conceptual model of the decision process is revised to include four phases and four subprocesses. The four phases are problem detection, problem definition, analysis and choice, and implementation. The four subprocesses are searching and paying attention, planning, evaluating and choosing, and checking the choice. In addition, we note that farmers prefer the ability to continually update their evaluation and plans, a qualitative vs. quantitative analysis, a “quick and simple” vs. detailed and elaborate analysis, small tests and incremental implementation, and feed forward and compensation vs. post-implementation evaluation. Implications of this fuller view of the decision making process for management assistance are discussed.     

浅议病险水库综合治理措施

柳州市病险水库在治理过程中存在投资不足、勘测设计深度不够、工程施工管理不规范、未建立完善的管护制度等问题。文章将针对这些问题提出治理建议。     

物流园区实施消防安全目标化管理的探讨

指出了物流园区实施消防安全目标化管理的重要性,对物流园区实施消防安全目标化管理的内容和对策进行了探讨。     

不可忽视的排球二传手思想素质的培养

本文从二传手自身加强修养，及教练员的作用等几方面，对二传手思想素质的培养进行了探讨。     

Combining management plans and payment schemes for targeted grassland conservation within the Habitats Directive in Saxony,Eastern Germany

As central policies for biodiversity conservation in agricultural landscapes in the European Union (EU), the Habitats Directive and Agri-environmental programmes (AEP) have largely failed to halt biodiversity loss. In response, the German federal state of Saxony combined the instrument of management plans with AEPs to support the implementation of the Habitat Directive. In this study, we investigate the determinants of a farmers’ decisions to adjust their farming practices. Our data set consists of a quantitative survey with 131 farmers conducted between 2004 and 2011, complemented by implementation data from 333 grassland-plots. Determinants of farmers’ decisions to conserve grassland were estimated using a multinomial logit model. Our results show that a combination of management plans and AEPs can increase farmers’ disposition to adopt nature conservation measures. As central determinants, structural and location factors as well as the complementary provisiion of specifically designed AEPs increase farmers’ willingness to adopt conservation practices for grassland management. It can be concluded that additional costs are a major barrier to farmers’ adoption, particularly to those farms directing their farm management towards the optimisation of productivity and profitability . The findings highlight the complementary potential of integrated policy packages to incentivise specific measures of nature conservation within the framework of the Habitats Directive.     

新经济环境中的企业知性管理：以阿里巴巴为例

研究新经济环境中企业如何谋求生存与发展以及持续竞争优势来源具有重要现实意义。以阿里巴巴为例，基于案例研究分析方法，从知识管理和性格管理耦合视角出发，在探究知识管理与性格管理体系的基础上，提出阿里巴巴的知性管理体系，并对其形成与演变过程进行分析。研究结果表明：阿里巴巴的知识管理体系由知识资本管理和知识流程管理组成，而性格管理体系则倾向于选择ISTJ型；知识管理与性格管理存在耦合关系，并且在不同组织发展阶段存在演变；阿里巴巴已经形成了知性管理体系，并在经历三阶段演变后逐渐 “知性合一”，由此使得知性管理体系成为其商业生态系统获得持续竞争优势的源泉。     

The effects of tariff increases on supply base complexity: A conceptual framework

Recent protectionist trends around the world have raised interest in newly enforced or increased tariffs and their effects on global supply chains. For firms sourcing globally, tariff introductions or increases significantly affect importing costs, which ultimately affect product costs. Such tariff changes may incentivize firms to adjust their supply base to mitigate these cost increases, thus altering the structure and complexity of firms' supply bases. In this paper, we first characterize the U.S. tariff landscape from 1997 to 2017. We then develop a conceptual model to explain how the severity and timing uncertainty of expected tariff increases influence a firm's speed of adapting to the changing tariff environment. Specifically, we explore firms' propensity to form or delete ties to suppliers, which influences supply base complexity. Moreover, we consider factors that moderate the relationship between severity, timing uncertainty, and supply base complexity, including a tariff's geographical scope, a firm's relative purchase spend, and supply risk. Our conceptual model offers both research and managerial implications.     

企业管理创新影响因素与过程机制：研究综述及整合模型

在全球新一轮技术创新和产业变革背景下，企业管理创新能够有效改进组织功能，并充分利用组织资源实现组织目标。当前研究尚未厘清企业管理创新的影响因素与作用机理，对于管理创新过程机制问题尚未达成共识。基于文献研究，通过构建具有内外分层、交互影响特征的企业管理创新影响因素整合模型，以及循环递进的企业管理创新过程机制整合模型解决西方管理理论本土化问题，并通过调动管理创新的积极影响因素降低管理创新失败率，提升理论成果应用的普适性，这也是未来研究方向。     

Beyond cheap talk: management's informative tone in corporate disclosures

This study investigates the information content of Management Discussion and Analysis (MD&A) reports of listed Chinese companies. We develop a Chinese word dictionary and measure the tones of MD&As. Our results indicate that tone is positively associated with future earnings and is particularly useful when a firm's future prospect is uncertain, accounting information is difficult to understand, or board monitoring is strong. Further analyses show that tone also predicts future cash flow, future sales growth, market reactions, analysts’ revisions, and institutional investors’ shareholdings. Together, we provide robust evidence that in emerging markets such as China, management tone conveys valuable information beyond cheap talk.     

应急管理中的敏捷创新：基于健康码的案例研究

面对紧急情况下的各种约束，当事方很容易陷入路径依赖，从而不能实现真正的创新。但在2019年底的新冠疫情应对中，中国健康码异军突起，实现了敏捷创新。选取最具代表性的两类健康码，基于一手访谈和公开报道资料，还原健康码从孕育到成熟的全过程，发现其模式与按部就班的传统创新几乎完全相反。通过与另外3组共6类健康码对照，归纳出打破路径依赖、实现敏捷创新所需的3个条件：制度弹性、应变能力和领导能力。结论对改进科研管理以及理解创新本质具有一定启发。