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991.
Roxanne T. Johnson 《Accounting, Business & Financial History》2000,10(2):129-168
The purpose of this paper is to describe the pitfalls of archival research into the bookkeeping records of a specific firm, E. I. DuPont de Nemours & Co., and how it may lead to misinterpretation and misdirection. Traditionally, the bookkeeping records of an individual or organization have provided a great deal of information to researchers who use the records for many different research projects. Such research is costly, however. The researcher is concerned with the analytical techniques of the historian, or even the detective; the time-consuming, methodical routine of familiarization with the records; and the analysis and interpretation of the significance of the techniques and trends evident in the data base. The sources for this traditional archival research project were many, varied, and often contradictory. For the record books of the DuPont Company, an early 19th century gunpowder manufactory, the process of understanding, interpreting, and validating the record keeping led to a number of misleading, confusing, and time-consuming issues which had to be resolved. These issues may have implications for other accounting historians since the need to search for the 'story' behind a particular research project will in all likelihood be encountered in the course of other research. Researchers must understand that they are able to rely on secondary sources, when they exist, only as long as they remain circumspect when depending on the secondary interpretation of primary sources, and that even the primary sources themselves may lead the researcher astray. 相似文献
992.
从标准化、质量和计量三方面对物资采购工作中存在的误区进行了分析,指出物资部门在标准化,质量和计量方面存在的问题是导致库存物资上升,效益流失和油田成本居高不下的原因之一。 相似文献
993.
Measuring International Harmonization and Standardization 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This paper analyses six recent studies dealing with the measurement of international harmonization of financial reporting. Methodological issues and problems relating to the definition and operationalization of terms, sources of data, statistical methods and causation are discussed, and an alternative methodology for measuring harmonization suggested. 相似文献
994.
Intraday Value at Risk (IVaR) using tick-by-tick data with application to the Toronto Stock Exchange 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This paper investigates the use of tick-by-tick data for intraday market risk measurement. We propose a method to compute an Intraday Value at Risk based on irregularly spaced high-frequency data and an intraday Monte Carlo simulation. A log-ACD–ARMA–EGARCH model is used to specify the joint density of the marked point process of durations and high-frequency returns. We apply our methodology to transaction data for three stocks actively traded on the Toronto Stock Exchange. Compared to traditional techniques applied to intraday data, our methodology has two main advantages. First, our risk measure has a higher informational content as it takes into account all observations. On the total risk measure, our method allows for distinguishing the effect of random trade durations from the effect of random returns, and for analyzing the interaction between these factors. Thus, we find that the information contained in the time between transactions is relevant to risk analysis, which is consistent with predictions from asymmetric-information models in the market microstructure literature. Second, once the model has been estimated, the IVaR can be computed by any trader for any time horizon based on the same information and with no need of sampling the data and estimating the model again when the horizon changes. Backtesting results show that our approach constitutes reliable means of measuring intraday risk for traders who are very active in the market. 相似文献
995.
面对高等学校不断发展变化的新情况,会计工作遇到前所未有的挑战。本文认为,为保证财产物资的安全和会计信息的真实可靠,高校必须按照内部控制制度的要求,结合本单位的实际,合理设置财务机构,明确岗位职责,重塑会计业务处理程序,逐步建立科学规范的高校会计工作体系。 相似文献
996.
电力线载波通信是用电力线路作为通信媒介进行数据传输。介绍了在低压配电线上用电力线载波专用芯片ST7536实现数据的传输,采用电力线载波形式,设计出了一个家电网络控制系统,对家电网络进行远程集中控制,可以对多路家用电器的运行情况进行实时监测和控制,并分析了电力线通信的通道特性及其干扰,结合电力通信的特点提出了解决办法。 相似文献
997.
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价值工程在建设项目投资控制中的应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在项目建设过程中,当我们将价值工程的理念应用于工程项目管理的投资控制领域时,建设项目投资自然而然地成为价值研究的对象。我们可以将建设项目的功能加以分析,然后与具体实施外部环境、经济技术的要求及投资估算相对应,应用价值系数评价来进行建设项目实施方案的创新,然后确定实施方案或者对实际方案进行改进,可以达到提高投资决策及实施水平的目的。 相似文献